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          "snippet": "Mr. Chief Justice, and may it please the Court, there are three reasons to exclude reckless misdemeanors from the phrase use of physical force as it occurs in 921A.33. The first is that it's consistent with the definition of use that this Court has implemented in other cases. Second, it is consistent with the common law definition of battery. And third, it is consistent with the intentionality in\u2026"
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          "snippet": "We'll hear argument next in Case 14-1373, Utah v. Strieff. Mr. Green. Mr. Chief Justice, and may it please the Court. Courts typically apply the exclusionary rule to suppress unlawfully seized evidence. The question here is whether to suppress evidence lawfully seized in a search incident to a warrant arrest because the arresting officer found the warrant in a stop later judged to be unlawful. Un\u2026"
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              "snippet": "\nJustice THOMAS, concurring.\nUnder Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, a district court may award attorney's fees to \"the prevailing party.\" 42 U.S.C. \u00a7 2000e-5(k). In Christiansburg Garment Co. v. EEOC, 434 U.S. 412, ",
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              "snippet": "(Slip Opinion)              OCTOBER TERM, 2015                                       1\n\n                                       Syllabus\n\n         NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is\n       being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued.\n       The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been\n       prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader.\n       See United States v. Detroit ",
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          "snippet": "We'll hear argument first this morning in Case No. 14-1375, CRST Van Expedited v. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. Mr. Smith. Mr. Chief Justice, and may it please the Court. On the issue we initially asked this Court to resolve in the petition for certiorari, the parties are now in complete agreement. That issue, of course, was whether a prevailing defendant in a Title VII case is barred\u2026"
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              "snippet": "\n\n\n  PER CURIAM.\n \n\n  Petitioners are primarily nonprofit organizations that provide health insurance to their employees. Federal regulations require petitioners to cover certain contraceptives as part of their health plans, unless petitioners submit a form either to their insurer or to the Federal Government, stating that they object on religious grounds to providing contraceptive coverage. Pe",
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          "snippet": "We'll hear argument this morning in Case 14-1418, Zubik v. Burwell and the Consolidated Cases. Mr. Clement? Thank you, Mr. Chief Justice, and may it please the Court. The Little Sisters of the Poor and their co-petitioners face a dilemma that the Religious Freedom Restoration Act does not allow. They can adhere to their religious beliefs and pay millions of dollars in penalties, or they can take\u2026"
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          "snippet": "We will hear argument next in Case 14-1457, Betterman v. Montana. Mr. Rowley. Mr. Chief Justice, and may it please the Court. The Speedy Trial Clause applies to a criminal prosecution through its culmination in sentencing. It is not cut off when the defendant pleads or is found guilty. The Court has said that the clause guarantees an early and proper disposition of a criminal charge. And that gua\u2026"
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          "snippet": "and the related cases. Mr. Rothfeld? Thank you, Mr. Chief Justice, and may it please the Court. The fundamental problem with the statutes at issue in these three cases is that they make it a criminal offense to assert a constitutional right. Under laws of North Dakota and Minnesota, a person who is stopped on suspicion of impaired driving is obligated to take a warrantless chemical test to determ\u2026"
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          "snippet": "We'll hear argument first this morning in Case 14-1504, Wittman v. Personhuballah. Mr. Carver. Mr. Chief Justice, and may it please the Court, the sum total of the alleged Shaw violation here is that the legislature treated black-majority district three the same way as it treated the ten-majority white districts. It's undisputed that with respect to all of those districts, they preserved the core\u2026"
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          "snippet": "Your argument next in Case 14-1513, Halo Electronics v. Pulse Electronics and Consolidated Case 14-1520, Stryker Corporation v. Zimmer. Mr. Wall? Mr. Chief Justice, and may it please the Court, the Federal Circuit has developed such a rigid test for enhanced damages in patent infringement cases that a large amount of money is spent on it. The Federal Circuit has done that by moving away from hist\u2026"
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              "snippet": "\nJustice SOTOMAYOR, concurring.\nI write separately to clarify my understanding of the pre-emption principles that should guide this Court's analysis of the Federal Power Act and that underpin its conclusion in these cases.\nThe process through which consumers obtain energy stretches across state and federal regulatory domains. The Federal Power Act authorizes the States to regulate ",
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              "snippet": "Joint motion of petitioner for divided argument granted. Motion of the Solicitor General for leave to participate in oral argument as amicus curiae and for divided argument granted.",
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          "courtListenerUrl": "https://www.courtlistener.com/audio/15233/w-kevin-hughes-chairman-maryland-public-service-commission-v-talen/",
          "snippet": "We will hear argument this morning in Case No. 14-614, Hughes, Chairman of the Maryland Public Service Commission v. Talen Energy Marketing and the consolidated case. Mr. Strauss. Mr. Chief Justice, and may it please the Court, Maryland determined that new generation was needed for local reliability, so it directed its retail utilities to sign 20-year contracts with a competitively selected proje\u2026"
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              "snippet": "(Slip Opinion)              OCTOBER TERM, 2015                                       1\n\n                                       Syllabus\n\n         NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is\n       being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued.\n       The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been\n       prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader.\n       See United States v. Detroit ",
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          "snippet": "We'll hear argument first this morning, Case 14-6166, Taylor v. United States. Mr. Jones. Mr. Chief Justice, and may it please the Court, the Hobbs Act has two elements. The first requires that the accused obtain property from another by either extortion or robbery. The second is a jurisdictional element, and that the consequence of either the extortion or the robbery creates an interference with\u2026"
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          "snippet": "Will your argument first this morning in Case No. 14-916, Kingdomware Technologies v. United States? Mr. Saunders. Mr. Chief Justice, and may it please the Court, by its plain terms, the 2006 Veterans Act requires the VA to consider veterans first under the Rule of Two before awarding contracts to other suppliers. That mandate, which applies only to the VA and reflects the agency's unique obligat\u2026"
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              "snippet": "\n\n\n  Justice SOTOMAYOR delivered the opinion of the Court.\n \n\n  The Federal Tort Claims Act (FTCA) allows plaintiffs to seek damages from the United States for certain torts committed by federal employees.\n  \n   28 U.S.C. \u00a7\u00a7 1346\n  \n  (b), 2674. Many of the FTCA's proced",
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          "courtListenerUrl": "https://www.courtlistener.com/audio/15567/jermaine-simmons-v-walter-j-himmelreich/",
          "snippet": "We'll hear argument first this morning in Case 15-109, Simmons v. Himmelreich. Mr. Martinez. Mr. Chief Justice, and may it please the Court. When an FTCA action is dismissed under Section 2680, the resulting judgment of dismissal triggers the judgment bar for two basic reasons. First, the bar applies to any FTCA judgment, and a 2680 dismissal counts as a judgment under any sensible definition of\u2026"
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      "slug": "rjr-nabisco-inc-v-european-community",
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      "docketNumber": "15-138",
      "term": "OT 2015",
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      "caseName": "RJR Nabisco, Inc. v. European Community",
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              "snippet": "(Slip Opinion)              OCTOBER TERM, 2015                                       1\n\n                                       Syllabus\n\n         NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is\n       being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued.\n       The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been\n       prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader.\n       See United States v. Detroit ",
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          "snippet": "We will hear argument next in Case No. 15-138, RJR Nabisco v. European Community. Mr. Katsas. Mr. Chief Justice, and may it please the Court, the Second Circuit extended civil RICO to claims involving foreign injuries, foreign enterprises, and foreign patterns of racketeering. Its holding is wrong for two reasons. First, RICO's private civil cause of action does not provide redress for foreign in\u2026"
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      "caseName": "Husky International Electronics, Inc. v. Ritz",
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              "snippet": "(Slip Opinion)              OCTOBER TERM, 2015                                       1\n\n                                       Syllabus\n\n         NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is\n       being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued.\n       The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been\n       prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader.\n       See United States v. Detroit ",
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              "snippet": "\nJustice SOTOMAYOR delivered the opinion of the Court.\nThe Bankruptcy Code prohibits debtors from discharging debts \u201cobtained by ... false pretenses, a false representation, or actual fraud.\u201d 11 U.S.C. \u00a7 523(a)(2)(A). The Fifth Circuit held that a debt is \u201cobtained by ... actual fraud\u201d only if the debtor\u2019s fraud involves a false representa-, tion to a creditor. That ruling deepened an existing split among the Circuits over whe",
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              "snippet": "\nJustice THOMAS,\ndissenting.\nThe Bankruptcy Code exempts from discharge \u201cany debt ... for money, property, [or] services ... to the extent obtained by ... false pretenses, a false representation, or actual fraud.\u201d 11 U.S.C. \u00a7 523(a)(2)(A) (emphasis added). The Court holds that \u201cactual fraud\u201d encompasses fraudulent transfer schemes effectuated without any false representation to a creditor and concludes ",
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          "snippet": "We'll hear argument next in Case No. 15-145, Husky Int'l Electronics v. Ritz. Mr. Boretsky. Mr. Chief Justice, and may it please the Court, Congress amended the discharge bar in 1978 to add actual fraud as an additional ground for barring discharge. That amendment must be given meaning. Our interpretation is the only one that does so. Consistent with the common law understanding that Congress cod\u2026"
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              "snippet": "(Slip Opinion)              OCTOBER TERM, 2015                                       1\n\n                                       Syllabus\n\n         NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is\n       being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued.\n       The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been\n       prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader.\n       See United States v. Detroit ",
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              "snippet": "\nMotion of Fundaci\u00f3n Angel Ramos, Inc., et al. for leave to file a brief as amici curiae in No. 15-233 granted. Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit granted. The case is consolidated and a total of one hour is allotted for oral argument.\nJustice ALITO took no part in the consideration or decision of this motion and this petition.\n",
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          "snippet": "and the Consolidated Case. Mr. Landau. Mr. Landau, thank you, Mr. Chief Justice, and may it please the Court. This case presents the question whether Congress has stripped Puerto Rico of access to any legal mechanism to restructure the debts of its public utilities, which provide essential services to its citizens, like electricity and water. Respondents contend that Congress denied Puerto Rico a\u2026"
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              "snippet": "  Summary\n  6/27/2016 6:03:00 PM\n\n\n  Differences exist between documents.\n\n      New Document:                   Old Document:\n      15-274_new                      15-274\n      107 pages (679 KB)              107 pages (678 KB)\n      6/27/2016 6:02:36 PM            6/27/2016 6:02:35 PM\n      Used to display results.\n\n\n\n  Get started: first change is on page 6.\n\n  No pages were deleted\n\n\n\n\n  How to read this report\n\n     Highlight indicates a change.\n     Deleted indicates deleted content.\n     ",
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              "snippet": "(Slip Opinion)              OCTOBER TERM, 2015                                       1\n\n                                       Syllabus\n\n         NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is\n       being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued.\n       The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been\n       prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader.\n       See United States v. Detroit ",
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          "snippet": "We'll hear argument this morning in Case 15-274, Whole Woman's Health v. Hellerstedt. Ms. Tocchi? Mr. Chief Justice, and may it please the Court, the Texas requirements undermine the careful balance struck in Casey between states' legitimate interests in regulating abortion and women's fundamental liberty to make personal decisions about their pregnancies. They are unnecessary health regulations\u2026"
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              "snippet": "\nChief Justice ROBERTS delivered the opinion of the Court.\nThe Clean Water Act regulates the discharge of pollutants into \"the waters of the United States.\" 33 U.S.C. \u00a7\u00a7 1311(a), 1362(7), (12). Because it can be difficult to determine whether a particular parcel of property contains such waters, the U.S. Army ",
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              "snippet": "(Slip Opinion)              OCTOBER TERM, 2015                                       1\n\n                                       Syllabus\n\n         NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is\n       being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued.\n       The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been\n       prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader.\n       See United States v. Detroit ",
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              "snippet": "Motion of National Association of Home Builders for leave to file a brief as amicus curiae granted. Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit granted.",
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          "snippet": "We'll hear argument next this morning in Case No. 15-290, the United States Army Corps of Engineers v. Hawkes Company. Mr. Stewart. Mr. Chief Justice, and may it please the Court, a jurisdictional determination issued by the Army Corps of Engineers does not file agency action because it does not order any person to do or refrain from doing anything and does not alter anyone's legal rights and obl\u2026"
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          "snippet": "v. Sharif v. Gillie, Mr. Murphy. Mr. Chief Justice, and may it please the Court, given resource constraints, Ohio law has always authorized its Attorney General to appoint special counsel to undertake the Attorney General's duty of representing the State in the courts. While the Attorney General may appoint general deputies today, special counsel remain integral to the office. For example, the of\u2026"
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          "snippet": "We'll hear argument next in Case No. 15-415, Encino Motorcars v. Navarro. Mr. Clement. Mr. Chief Justice, and may it please the Court, service advisors are salespeople principally engaged in the servicing of automobiles. I do not think there is any realistic dispute here that service advisors are, in fact, salespeople. And it seems clear to me that service advisors, as their name suggests, are pr\u2026"
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              "snippet": "(Slip Opinion)              OCTOBER TERM, 2015                                       1\n\n                                       Syllabus\n\n         NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is\n       being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued.\n       The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been\n       prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader.\n       See United States v. Detroit ",
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          "snippet": "We'll hear argument next in Case No. 15-5040, Williams v. Pennsylvania. Mr. Lev. Mr. Chief Justice, and may it please the Court, due process does not allow a district attorney to make the decision to seek the death penalty against the defendant and then in the same case become a judge of the conduct of the prosecutor who carried out that decision and obtained that result. In this case, when he wa\u2026"
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              "snippet": "Motion of petitioner for leave to proceed in forma pauperis granted. Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit granted limited to Question 1 presented by the petition.",
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          "snippet": "We'll hear argument first this morning in Case No. 15-5238, Nichols v. United States. Mr. Hansmeier. Mr. Chief Justice, and may it please the Court, until three weeks ago, a sex offender who moved to a foreign country was not subject to any Federal registration requirement in the United States, unless and until he returned to the United States. Below, the Tenth Circuit nonetheless held that it is\u2026"
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              "snippet": "\nJustice KAGAN delivered the opinion of the Court.\nThe Armed Career Criminal Act (ACCA or Act), 18 U.S.C. \u00a7 924(e), imposes a 15-year mandatory minimum sentence on certain federal defendants who have three prior convictions for a \"violent felony,\" including \"burglary, arson, or extortion.\" To determine whether a pas",
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              "snippet": "\nJustice THOMAS, concurring.\nI join the Court's opinion, which faithfully applies our precedents. The Court holds that the modified categorical approach cannot be used to determine the specific means by which a defendant committed a crime. Ante, at 2253 - 2254. By rightly refusing to apply the modified categorical approach, the Court avoids further extending its precedents that limit a criminal defendant's right to a pu",
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              "snippet": "\nJustice ALITO, dissenting.\nSabine Moreau lives in Solre-sur-Sambre, a town in Belgium located 38 miles south of Brussels. One day she set out in her car to pick up a friend at the Brussels train station, a trip that should have taken under an hour. She programmed her GPS and headed off. Although the GPS sent her south, not north, she apparently thought nothing of it. She dutifully stayed ",
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              "snippet": "(Slip Opinion)              OCTOBER TERM, 2015                                       1\n\n                                       Syllabus\n\n         NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is\n       being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued.\n       The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been\n       prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader.\n       See United States v. Detroit ",
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          "snippet": "We'll hear argument first this morning in Case 15-6092, Mathis v. United States. Mr. Fleming. Mr. Chief Justice, and may it please the Court. The Iowa statute under which Mr. Mathis was convicted defines one crime, and Iowa does not need to prove generic burglary to convict under it. The Eighth Circuit below, and the government here, nonetheless, want to use the modified categorical approach, not\u2026"
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              "snippet": "(Slip Opinion)              OCTOBER TERM, 2021                                       1\n\n                                       Syllabus\n\n         NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is\n       being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued.\n       The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been\n       prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader.\n       See United States v. Detroit ",
              "excerpt": "(Slip Opinion) OCTOBER TERM, 2021 1\n\n Syllabus\n\n NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is\n being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued.\n The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been\n prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader.\n See United States v. Detroit Timber & Lumber Co., 200 U. S. 321, 337 .\n\nSUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES\n\n Syllabus\n\n DOBBS, STATE HEALTH OFFICER OF THE\n MISSISSIPPI DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, ET AL. v.\n JACKSON WOMEN\u2019S HEALTH ORGANIZATION ET AL.\n\nCERTIORARI TO THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR\n THE FIFTH CIRCUIT\n\n No. 19\u20131392. Argued December 1, 2021\u2014Decided June 24, 2022\nMississippi\u2019s Gestational Age Act provides that \u201c[e]xcept in a medical\n emergency or in the case of a severe fetal abnormality, a person shall\n not intentionally or knowingly perform . . . or induce an abortion of an\n unborn human being if the probable gestational age of the unborn hu-\n man being has been determined to be greater than fifteen (15) weeks.\u201d\n Miss. Code Ann. \u00a741\u201341\u2013191. Respondents\u2014Jackson Women\u2019s Health\n Organization, an abortion clinic, and one of its\u2026",
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          "audioId": 78761,
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          "courtListenerUrl": "https://www.courtlistener.com/audio/78761/thomas-e-dobbs-state-health-officer-of-the-mississippi-department-of/",
          "snippet": "We will hear argument this morning in Case 19-1392, Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization. General Stewart. Mr. Chief Justice, and may it please the Court. Roe v. Wade and Planned Parenthood v. Casey haunt our country. They have no basis in the Constitution. They have no home in our history or traditions. They've damaged the democratic process. They've poisoned the law. They've choked off\u2026"
        }
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      "holdingAuthor": "Samuel A. Alito Jr."
    },
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      "id": "scotus-19-1401",
      "slug": "hughes-v-northwestern-university",
      "label": "Hughes v. Northwestern University",
      "docketNumber": "19-1401",
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      "citations": [
        "595 U.S. 170",
        "211 L. Ed. 2d 558",
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          "opinions": [
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              "id": 6111798,
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              "snippet": "(Slip Opinion)              OCTOBER TERM, 2021                                       1\n\n                                       Syllabus\n\n         NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is\n       being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued.\n       The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been\n       prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader.\n       See United States v. Detroit ",
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          "snippet": "Wasting beneficiary's money is imprudent. Congress enacted ERISA to impose a duty Judge Friendly famously said was the highest known to the law, a fiduciary duty. Under ERISA section 1104, a fiduciary managing assets in a retirement plan must act with prudence. ERISA fiduciaries must act with prudence, solely in the interest of beneficiaries, incur only reasonable expenses, and act with care, ski\u2026"
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      "holdingAuthor": "Sonia Sotomayor"
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    {
      "id": "scotus-19-896",
      "slug": "johnson-v-arteaga-martinez",
      "label": "Johnson v. Arteaga-Martinez",
      "docketNumber": "19-896",
      "term": "OT 2021",
      "topicTags": [],
      "whyTracked": "SCOTUS merits case argued in OT 2021.",
      "caseName": "Johnson v. Arteaga-Martinez",
      "status": "decided",
      "docketId": 63379472,
      "dateArgued": "2022-01-11",
      "dateFiled": "2022-06-13",
      "citations": [
        "596 U.S. 573",
        "142 S. Ct. 1827"
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      "syllabus": "NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued. The syllabus constitutes no part of the",
      "hasFullText": true,
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          "dateFiled": "2022-06-13",
          "dateArgued": null,
          "citations": [
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          "citeCount": 196,
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          "courtListenerUrl": "https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/6477115/johnson-v-arteaga-martinez/",
          "downloadUrl": "https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/21pdf/19-896_2135.pdf",
          "opinions": [
            {
              "id": 6349226,
              "type": "combined-opinion",
              "typeLabel": "Opinion of the Court",
              "authorId": 3045,
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              "downloadUrl": "https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/21pdf/19-896_2135.pdf",
              "snippet": "(Slip Opinion)              OCTOBER TERM, 2021                                       1\n\n                                       Syllabus\n\n         NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is\n       being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued.\n       The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been\n       prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader.\n       See United States v. Detroit ",
              "hasFullText": false
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      "arguments": [
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          "audioId": 79315,
          "caseName": "Johnson v. Arteaga-Martinez",
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          "durationSeconds": 3874,
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          "courtListenerUrl": "https://www.courtlistener.com/audio/79315/tae-d-johnson-acting-director-of-us-immigration-and-customs/",
          "snippet": "We'll hear argument first in Case 19-896, Johnson v. Arteaga. Mr. Raynor? Mr. Chief Justice, and may it please the Court, Section 1231A.6 states that certain categories of noncitizens, including inadmissible noncitizens like respondent here, quote, may be detained beyond the removal period, end quote. The question presented in this case is whether that language requires that noncitizens detained\u2026"
        }
      ],
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      "holdingAuthor": "Sonia Sotomayor"
    },
    {
      "id": "scotus-20-1009",
      "slug": "shinn-v-ramirez",
      "label": "Shinn v. Ramirez",
      "docketNumber": "20-1009",
      "term": "OT 2021",
      "topicTags": [],
      "whyTracked": "SCOTUS merits case argued in OT 2021.",
      "caseName": "Shinn v. Martinez Ramirez",
      "status": "decided",
      "docketId": 63329487,
      "dateArgued": "2021-12-08",
      "dateFiled": "2022-05-23",
      "citations": [
        "596 U.S. 366"
      ],
      "syllabus": "NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued. The syllabus constitutes no part of the",
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          "authorId": 3200,
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          "dateFiled": "2022-05-23",
          "dateArgued": null,
          "citations": [
            "596 U.S. 366"
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          "citeCount": 468,
          "judge": "Clarence Thomas",
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          "opinions": [
            {
              "id": 6343024,
              "type": "combined-opinion",
              "typeLabel": "Opinion of the Court",
              "authorId": 3200,
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              "snippet": "(Slip Opinion)              OCTOBER TERM, 2021                                       1\n\n                                       Syllabus\n\n         NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is\n       being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued.\n       The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been\n       prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader.\n       See United States v. Detroit ",
              "hasFullText": false
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      "arguments": [
        {
          "audioId": 78943,
          "caseName": "Shinn v. Ramirez",
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          "durationSeconds": 3245,
          "downloadUrl": "http://www.supremecourt.gov/media/audio/mp3files/20-1009.mp3",
          "courtListenerUrl": "https://www.courtlistener.com/audio/78943/david-shinn-director-arizona-department-of-corrections-rehabilitation/",
          "snippet": "We'll hear argument next in case 2109, Shinn v. Ramirez. Mr. Royston. Mr. Chief Justice, and may it please the Court, the issue presented in this case is fundamentally a question of statutory interpretation. When Congress enacted 2254E2 as part of AEDPA, it created a high bar for federal evidentiary hearings on habeas claims involving state convictions. It codified the first part of the Keeney te\u2026"
        }
      ],
      "href": "/gavel/docket/shinn-v-ramirez",
      "holdingAuthor": "Clarence Thomas"
    },
    {
      "id": "scotus-20-1029",
      "slug": "austin-v-reagan-national-advertising",
      "label": "Austin v. Reagan National Advertising",
      "docketNumber": "20-1029",
      "term": "OT 2021",
      "topicTags": [],
      "whyTracked": "SCOTUS merits case argued in OT 2021.",
      "caseName": "City of Austin v. Reagan National Advertising of Austin, LLC",
      "status": "decided",
      "docketId": 63252811,
      "dateArgued": "2021-11-10",
      "dateFiled": "2022-04-21",
      "citations": [
        "596 U.S. 61",
        "142 S. Ct. 1464"
      ],
      "syllabus": "NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued. The syllabus constitutes no part of the",
      "hasFullText": true,
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      "lineup": [
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          "opinionId": 6333582,
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          "authorId": 3045,
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          "clusterId": 6461471,
          "caseName": "City of Austin v. Reagan National Advertising of Austin, LLC",
          "dateFiled": "2022-04-21",
          "dateArgued": null,
          "citations": [
            "596 U.S. 61",
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          "citeCount": 147,
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              "id": 6333582,
              "type": "combined-opinion",
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              "snippet": "(Slip Opinion)              OCTOBER TERM, 2021                                       1\n\n                                       Syllabus\n\n         NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is\n       being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued.\n       The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been\n       prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader.\n       See United States v. Detroit ",
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          "audioId": 78463,
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          "durationSeconds": 5847,
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          "snippet": "We will hear argument this morning in Case 20-1029, Austin, Texas, v. Reagan National Advertising of Austin. Mr. Dreeben. Thank you, Mr. Chief Justice, and may it please the Court. This case involves a fundamental question about the meaning of content-based regulation under the First Amendment. The Fifth Circuit interpreted this Court's decision in Reed to mean that any time that an officer must\u2026"
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      "holdingAuthor": "Sonia Sotomayor"
    },
    {
      "id": "scotus-20-1034",
      "slug": "golan-v-saada",
      "label": "Golan v. Saada",
      "docketNumber": "20-1034",
      "term": "OT 2021",
      "topicTags": [],
      "whyTracked": "SCOTUS merits case argued in OT 2021.",
      "caseName": "Golan v. Saada",
      "status": "decided",
      "docketId": 63385706,
      "dateArgued": "2022-03-22",
      "dateFiled": "2022-06-15",
      "citations": [
        "596 U.S. 666",
        "142 S. Ct. 1880"
      ],
      "syllabus": "NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued. The syllabus constitutes no part of the",
      "hasFullText": true,
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          "clusterId": 6477854,
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          "dateFiled": "2022-06-15",
          "dateArgued": null,
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          "citeCount": 92,
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            {
              "id": 6349965,
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              "snippet": "(Slip Opinion)              OCTOBER TERM, 2021                                       1\n\n                                       Syllabus\n\n         NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is\n       being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued.\n       The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been\n       prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader.\n       See United States v. Detroit ",
              "hasFullText": false
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          "snippet": "We'll hear argument this morning in Case 20-1034, Golan v. Saada. Ms. King? Mr. Chief Justice, and may it please the Court. The Hague Convention provides that a court is not bound to return a child once the grave risk exception is met. The District Court here, after finding grave risk to this child, was operating under an incorrect rule of law. That is, the Second Circuit's requirement that court\u2026"
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      "id": "scotus-20-1088",
      "slug": "carson-v-makin",
      "label": "Carson v. Makin",
      "docketNumber": "20-1088",
      "term": "OT 2021",
      "topicTags": [],
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      "status": "decided",
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      "dateFiled": "2022-06-21",
      "citations": [
        "596 U.S. 767",
        "142 S. Ct. 1987",
        "213 L. Ed. 2d 286"
      ],
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          "citeCount": 55,
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              "id": 6351409,
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              "snippet": "(Slip Opinion)              OCTOBER TERM, 2021                                       1\n\n                                       Syllabus\n\n         NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is\n       being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued.\n       The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been\n       prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader.\n       See United States v. Detroit ",
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          "snippet": "Mayne's sectarian exclusion discriminates based on religion. Like all discrimination based on religion, it should be subjected to strict scrutiny and held unconstitutional unless Mayne can show that it is necessary to achieve a compelling government interest. Mayne cannot make such a showing, and the First Circuit never held that it could. Instead, the First Circuit held that there are two kinds\u2026"
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              "snippet": "(Slip Opinion)              OCTOBER TERM, 2021                                       1\n\n                                       Syllabus\n\n         NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is\n       being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued.\n       The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been\n       prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader.\n       See United States v. Detroit ",
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          "snippet": "Mr. Verrilli. Mr. Chief Justice, and may it please the Court, Congress enacted the statute at issue, which I will refer to as Paragraph 14, to curb the discretion HHS normally enjoys when it sets Medicare rates for outpatient hospital services. For the drugs covered by the statute, Paragraph 14 directs that the agency may set rates based on acquisition costs, and may not set rates based on acquis\u2026"
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              "snippet": "(Slip Opinion)              OCTOBER TERM, 2021                                       1\n\n                                       Syllabus\n\n         NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is\n       being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued.\n       The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been\n       prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader.\n       See United States v. Detroit ",
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          "snippet": "We'll hear argument next in Case 20-1143, Badgerow v. Walters. Mr. Geiser. Thank you, Mr. Chief Justice, and may it please the Court. The question presented is whether Vaden's look-through approach applies to applications to enforce or vacate an arbitration award under Sections 9 and 10 of the Federal Arbitration Act. The answers controlled by the FAA's plaintext and the competing statutory argum\u2026"
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              "id": 6347225,
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              "snippet": "(Slip Opinion)              OCTOBER TERM, 2021                                       1\n\n                                       Syllabus\n\n         NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is\n       being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued.\n       The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been\n       prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader.\n       See United States v. Detroit ",
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          "courtListenerUrl": "https://www.courtlistener.com/audio/79290/gianinna-gallardo-an-incapacitated-person-by-and-through-her-parents-and/",
          "snippet": "We'll hear argument this morning in Case 20-1263, Gallardo v. Marstiller. Mr. Gowdy? Mr. Chief Justice, and may it please the Court, Medicaid provides a benefit to persons needing medical care. It is not a loan to be repaid later. The anti-lien and anti-recovery provisions, part of the original 1965 Medicaid law, reflect this policy by prohibiting states from taking any property belonging to a be\u2026"
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      "slug": "becerra-v-empire-health-foundation",
      "label": "Becerra v. Empire Health Foundation",
      "docketNumber": "20-1312",
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      "caseName": "Becerra v. Empire Health Foundation, For Valley Hospital Medical Center",
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        "597 U.S. 424",
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              "snippet": "(Slip Opinion)              OCTOBER TERM, 2021                                       1\n\n                                       Syllabus\n\n         NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is\n       being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued.\n       The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been\n       prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader.\n       See United States v. Detroit ",
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          "snippet": "We'll hear argument this morning in Case 2013-12, Becerra v. Empire Health Fund. Mr. Bond. Mr. Chief Justice, and may it please the Court, the Medicare fraction directs HHS to count patient days of patients who, for such days, were entitled to benefits under Part A of Medicare. The question here is which patients are entitled to Part A benefits. Section 426 states that every individual who satisf\u2026"
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      "caseName": "Xiulu Ruan v. United States",
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              "snippet": "(Slip Opinion)              OCTOBER TERM, 2021                                       1\n\n                                       Syllabus\n\n         NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is\n       being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued.\n       The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been\n       prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader.\n       See United States v. Detroit ",
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          "snippet": "We'll hear argument first this morning in Case 2014-10, Ruan v. United States and the Consolidated Case. Mr. Robbins? Thank you, Mr. Chief Justice, and may it please the Court, Dr. Xu Lu Ren's jury was instructed that it could convict him of federal narcotics offenses if he prescribed, quote, outside of the usual course of professional medical practice. The Eleventh Circuit sustained that instruc\u2026"
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      "id": "scotus-20-1459",
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        "596 U.S. 845",
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          "snippet": "Mr. Chief Justice, and may it please the Court, in Section 924C, Congress sought to punish some of the most dangerous federal criminals, felons who used guns during crimes of violence. That includes respondents. Indeed, it is undisputed that had respondent or his co-actor remembered to take Martin They would have completed their Hobbs Act robbery and thereby committed a crime of violence. That ov\u2026"
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          "snippet": "We'll hear argument this morning in Case 20-1472, Boechler v. the Commissioner of Internal Revenue. Ms. Sherry? Mr. Chief Justice, and may it please the Court, this Court has repeatedly held that time limits are rarely jurisdictional and that if Congress wants to make them jurisdictional, it has to speak clearly. Section 6330d1 does not have the needed clarity. The first clause reads like an ordi\u2026"
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              "snippet": "(Slip Opinion)               OCTOBER TERM, 2021                                        1\n\n                                       Syllabus\n\n           NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is\n       being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued.\n       The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been\n       prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader.\n       See United States v. Detr",
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              "snippet": "(Slip Opinion)               OCTOBER TERM, 2021                                        1\n\n                                       Syllabus\n\n           NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is\n       being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued.\n       The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been\n       prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader.\n       See United States v. Detr",
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              "snippet": "(Slip Opinion)              OCTOBER TERM, 2021                                       1\n\n                                       Syllabus\n\n         NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is\n       being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued.\n       The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been\n       prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader.\n       See United States v. Detroit ",
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          "snippet": "We will hear argument next in Case 2015-66, Cusser v. Thyssen-Bornemisza. Mr. Boies, I understand you're participating remotely? I am, Your Honor. You may proceed. Thank you, Mr. Chief Justice, and may it please the Court. I begin with three simple propositions. First, Respondent is a foreign state not entitled to immunity under Section 1605 of the FSIA. Second, Section 1606 of that Act provides\u2026"
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          "snippet": "We'll hear argument this morning in Case No. 20-1573, Viking River Cruises v. Moriana. Mr. Clement. Mr. Chief Justice, and may it please the Court, the outcome here is controlled by this Court's decisions in Concepcion, Epic, and Lamps Plus. After those decisions, a State is not free to simply declare that a State statute is too important to be relegated to bilateral arbitration. None of the vary\u2026"
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          "caseName": "Concepcion v. United States",
          "dateFiled": "2022-06-27",
          "dateArgued": null,
          "citations": [
            "597 U.S. 481"
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          "citeCount": 114,
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            {
              "id": 6495363,
              "type": "combined-opinion",
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              "downloadUrl": "https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/21pdf/20-1650_3dq3.pdf",
              "snippet": "(Slip Opinion)              OCTOBER TERM, 2021                                       1\n\n                                       Syllabus\n\n         NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is\n       being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued.\n       The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been\n       prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader.\n       See United States v. Detroit ",
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          "clusterId": 6619573,
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              "id": 6495931,
              "type": "combined-opinion",
              "typeLabel": "Opinion of the Court",
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              "authorName": "Sonia Sotomayor",
              "downloadUrl": "https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/21pdf/20-1650_new_4gci.pdf",
              "snippet": "(Slip Opinion)              OCTOBER TERM, 2021                                       1\n\n                                       Syllabus\n\n         NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is\n       being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued.\n       The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been\n       prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader.\n       See United States v. Detroit ",
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        {
          "audioId": 79504,
          "caseName": "Concepcion v. United States",
          "dateArgued": "2022-01-19",
          "durationSeconds": 4530,
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          "courtListenerUrl": "https://www.courtlistener.com/audio/79504/carlos-concepcion-petitioner-v-united-states/",
          "snippet": "We'll hear argument next in Case 20-1650, Concepcion v. United States. Mr. McCloud? Mr. Chief Justice, and may it please the Court, the First Circuit held below that district courts are barred from considering intervening law and facts when deciding whether to impose a reduced sentence under the first setback. That holding conflicts with the law's text, and it flouts background principles of sent\u2026"
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      "label": "Arizona v. San Francisco",
      "docketNumber": "20-1775",
      "term": "OT 2021",
      "topicTags": [],
      "whyTracked": "SCOTUS merits case argued in OT 2021.",
      "caseName": "Arizona v. City and County of San Francisco",
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      "citations": [
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          "dateFiled": "2022-06-15",
          "dateArgued": null,
          "citations": [
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          "opinions": [
            {
              "id": 6350018,
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              "snippet": "(Slip Opinion)            Cite as: 596 U. S. ____ (2022)                                 1\n\n                                      Per Curiam\n\n       NOTICE: This opinion is subject to formal revision before publication in the\n       preliminary print of the United States Reports. Readers are requested to\n       notify the Reporter of Decisions, Supreme Court of the United States, Wash-\n       ington, D. C. 20543, of any typographical or other formal errors, in order that\n       corrections may b",
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          "audioId": 80041,
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          "dateArgued": "2022-02-23",
          "durationSeconds": 4867,
          "downloadUrl": "http://www.supremecourt.gov/media/audio/mp3files/20-1775.mp3",
          "courtListenerUrl": "https://www.courtlistener.com/audio/80041/arizona-et-al-petitioners-v-city-and-county-of-san-francisco/",
          "snippet": "We will hear argument this morning in Case 20-1775, Arizona v. San Francisco. General Brnovich. Mr. Chief Justice, and may it please the Court, the Ninth Circuit's refusal to let Arizona and other states intervene to defend the public charge rule capped an unprecedented effort by the United States to unlawfully disregard a prior administration's rule. The Department of Justice had spent more than\u2026"
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      "holdingAuthor": "Per Curiam"
    },
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      "id": "scotus-20-1800",
      "slug": "shurtleff-v-boston",
      "label": "Shurtleff v. Boston",
      "docketNumber": "20-1800",
      "term": "OT 2021",
      "topicTags": [],
      "whyTracked": "SCOTUS merits case argued in OT 2021.",
      "caseName": "Shurtleff v. Boston",
      "status": "decided",
      "docketId": 63279278,
      "dateArgued": "2022-01-18",
      "dateFiled": "2022-05-02",
      "citations": [
        "596 U.S. 243"
      ],
      "syllabus": "NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued. The syllabus constitutes no part of the",
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      "lineup": [
        {
          "opinionId": 6336928,
          "type": "combined-opinion",
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          "authorId": 384,
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        }
      ],
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          "caseName": "Shurtleff v. Boston",
          "dateFiled": "2022-05-02",
          "dateArgued": null,
          "citations": [
            "596 U.S. 243"
          ],
          "citeCount": 32,
          "judge": "Stephen Breyer",
          "courtListenerUrl": "https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/6464817/shurtleff-v-boston/",
          "downloadUrl": "https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/21pdf/20-1800_7lho.pdf",
          "opinions": [
            {
              "id": 6336928,
              "type": "combined-opinion",
              "typeLabel": "Opinion of the Court",
              "authorId": 384,
              "authorName": "Stephen Breyer",
              "downloadUrl": "https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/21pdf/20-1800_7lho.pdf",
              "snippet": "(Slip Opinion)              OCTOBER TERM, 2021                                       1\n\n                                       Syllabus\n\n         NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is\n       being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued.\n       The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been\n       prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader.\n       See United States v. Detroit ",
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            }
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          "clusterId": 6468902,
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          "dateFiled": "2022-05-02",
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          "citations": [
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          "citeCount": 0,
          "judge": "Stephen Breyer",
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          "downloadUrl": "https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/21pdf/20-1800_7lho.pdf",
          "opinions": [
            {
              "id": 6341013,
              "type": "combined-opinion",
              "typeLabel": "Opinion of the Court",
              "authorId": 384,
              "authorName": "Stephen Breyer",
              "downloadUrl": "https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/21pdf/20-1800_7lho.pdf",
              "snippet": "(Slip Opinion)              OCTOBER TERM, 2021                                       1\n\n                                       Syllabus\n\n         NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is\n       being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued.\n       The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been\n       prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader.\n       See United States v. Detroit ",
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      "arguments": [
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          "audioId": 79471,
          "caseName": "Shurtleff v. Boston",
          "dateArgued": "2022-01-18",
          "durationSeconds": 4978,
          "downloadUrl": "http://www.supremecourt.gov/media/audio/mp3files/20-1800.mp3",
          "courtListenerUrl": "https://www.courtlistener.com/audio/79471/harold-shurtleff-et-al-petitioners-v-city-of-boston-massachusetts-et/",
          "snippet": "We'll hear argument first this morning in Case No. 20-1800, Shurtleff v. Boston, Massachusetts. Mr. Staver. Mr. Chief Justice, and may it please the Court. After 12 years with 284 flag-raising approvals, no denials, and usually no review, one word caught the attention of a Boston official, the word Christian on the application. The flag itself was not the problem. Had it been called anything but\u2026"
        }
      ],
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      "holdingAuthor": "Stephen Breyer"
    },
    {
      "id": "scotus-20-219",
      "slug": "cummings-v-premier-rehab",
      "label": "Cummings v. Premier Rehab",
      "docketNumber": "20-219",
      "term": "OT 2021",
      "topicTags": [],
      "whyTracked": "SCOTUS merits case argued in OT 2021.",
      "caseName": "Cummings v. Premier Rehab Keller",
      "status": "decided",
      "docketId": 63270152,
      "dateArgued": "2021-11-30",
      "dateFiled": "2022-04-28",
      "citations": [
        "596 U.S. 212",
        "142 S. Ct. 1562"
      ],
      "syllabus": "NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued. The syllabus constitutes no part of the",
      "hasFullText": true,
      "hasPdf": true,
      "pdfUrl": "/gavel/pdfs/cummings-v-premier-rehab.pdf",
      "lineup": [
        {
          "opinionId": 6335831,
          "type": "combined-opinion",
          "typeLabel": "Opinion of the Court",
          "authorId": 2738,
          "authorName": "John G. Roberts Jr."
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          "clusterId": 6463720,
          "caseName": "Cummings v. Premier Rehab Keller",
          "dateFiled": "2022-04-28",
          "dateArgued": null,
          "citations": [
            "596 U.S. 212",
            "142 S. Ct. 1562"
          ],
          "citeCount": 235,
          "judge": "John G. Roberts",
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          "opinions": [
            {
              "id": 6335831,
              "type": "combined-opinion",
              "typeLabel": "Opinion of the Court",
              "authorId": 2738,
              "authorName": "John G. Roberts Jr.",
              "downloadUrl": "https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/21pdf/20-219_1b82.pdf",
              "snippet": "(Slip Opinion)              OCTOBER TERM, 2021                                       1\n\n                                       Syllabus\n\n         NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is\n       being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued.\n       The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been\n       prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader.\n       See United States v. Detroit ",
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      "arguments": [
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          "audioId": 78742,
          "caseName": "Cummings v. Premier Rehab",
          "dateArgued": "2021-11-30",
          "durationSeconds": 4817,
          "downloadUrl": "http://www.supremecourt.gov/media/audio/mp3files/20-219.mp3",
          "courtListenerUrl": "https://www.courtlistener.com/audio/78742/jane-cummings-petitioner-v-premier-rehab-keller-pllc/",
          "snippet": "We'll hear argument first this morning in case number 20-219, Cummings v. Premier Rehab Keller. Mr. Rosensky. Mr. Chief Justice, and may it please the Court, the Fifth Circuit categorically prohibited emotional distress damages in all instances under spending clause statutes prohibiting discrimination. Based on Franklin and Barnes, that decision is wrong. Franklin held that removal, and Barnes re\u2026"
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      ],
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      "holdingAuthor": "John G. Roberts Jr."
    },
    {
      "id": "scotus-20-303",
      "slug": "united-states-v-vaello-madero",
      "label": "United States v. Vaello-Madero",
      "docketNumber": "20-303",
      "term": "OT 2021",
      "topicTags": [],
      "whyTracked": "SCOTUS merits case argued in OT 2021.",
      "caseName": "United States v. Vaello Madero",
      "status": "decided",
      "docketId": 63252810,
      "dateArgued": "2021-11-09",
      "dateFiled": "2022-04-21",
      "citations": [
        "596 U.S. 159",
        "142 S. Ct. 1539"
      ],
      "syllabus": "NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued. The syllabus constitutes no part of the",
      "hasFullText": true,
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      "lineup": [
        {
          "opinionId": 6333581,
          "type": "combined-opinion",
          "typeLabel": "Opinion of the Court",
          "authorId": 1713,
          "authorName": "Brett M. Kavanaugh"
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          "dateArgued": null,
          "citations": [],
          "citeCount": 0,
          "judge": "Brett Kavanaugh",
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          "opinions": [
            {
              "id": 6335898,
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              "typeLabel": "Opinion of the Court",
              "authorId": 1713,
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              "downloadUrl": "https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/21pdf/20-303diff_1q24.pdf",
              "snippet": "                                                        4/28/2022 11:25:00 AM\n\n\n                                              Compare Results\n\n                              Old File:                                                New File:\n                            20-303.pdf                                             20-303_new.pdf\n                                                               versus\n                       43 pages (240 KB)                                           43 pages ",
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            }
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          "clusterId": 6461470,
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          "dateFiled": "2022-04-21",
          "dateArgued": null,
          "citations": [
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            "142 S. Ct. 1539"
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          "citeCount": 30,
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          "courtListenerUrl": "https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/6461470/united-states-v-vaello-madero/",
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            {
              "id": 6333581,
              "type": "combined-opinion",
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              "authorId": 1713,
              "authorName": "Brett M. Kavanaugh",
              "downloadUrl": "https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/21pdf/20-303_6khn.pdf",
              "snippet": "(Slip Opinion)              OCTOBER TERM, 2021                                       1\n\n                                       Syllabus\n\n         NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is\n       being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued.\n       The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been\n       prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader.\n       See United States v. Detroit ",
              "hasFullText": false
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      "arguments": [
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          "audioId": 78453,
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          "dateArgued": "2021-11-09",
          "durationSeconds": 4366,
          "downloadUrl": "http://www.supremecourt.gov/media/audio/mp3files/20-303.mp3",
          "courtListenerUrl": "https://www.courtlistener.com/audio/78453/united-states-petitioner-v-jose-luis-vaello-madero/",
          "snippet": "Mr. Chief Justice, and may it please the Court, the Court of Appeals erred in holding that Congress's decision not to extend its Supplemental Security Income Program to Puerto Rico lacks a rational basis. As this Court has recognized, Puerto Rico has a unique tax status vis-a-vis the federal government. Puerto Rico's residents and employers contribute to federal unemployment insurance and to the\u2026"
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      "slug": "garland-att-y-gen-v-gonzalez",
      "label": "Garland, Att'y Gen. v. Gonzalez",
      "docketNumber": "20-322",
      "term": "OT 2021",
      "topicTags": [],
      "whyTracked": "SCOTUS merits case argued in OT 2021.",
      "caseName": "Garland v. Gonzalez",
      "status": "decided",
      "docketId": 63379473,
      "dateArgued": "2022-01-11",
      "dateFiled": "2022-06-13",
      "citations": [
        "596 U.S. 543",
        "142 S. Ct. 2057",
        "213 L. Ed. 2d 102"
      ],
      "syllabus": "NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued. The syllabus constitutes no part of the",
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          "opinionId": 6349227,
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          "authorId": 77,
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          "citeCount": 0,
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              "snippet": "                                                        6/17/2022 11:38:11 AM\n\n\n                                              Compare Results\n\n                              Old File:                                                New File:\n                            20-322.pdf                                             20-322_new.pdf\n                                                               versus\n                       32 pages (195 KB)                                           32 pages ",
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            }
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          "citeCount": 92,
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              "downloadUrl": "https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/21pdf/20-322_m6hn.pdf",
              "snippet": "(Slip Opinion)              OCTOBER TERM, 2021                                       1\n\n                                       Syllabus\n\n         NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is\n       being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued.\n       The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been\n       prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader.\n       See United States v. Detroit ",
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          "audioId": 79316,
          "caseName": "Garland, Att'y Gen. v. Gonzalez",
          "dateArgued": "2022-01-11",
          "durationSeconds": 3817,
          "downloadUrl": "http://www.supremecourt.gov/media/audio/mp3files/20-322.mp3",
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          "snippet": "Mr. Gannon. Mr. Chief Justice, and may it please the Court, with respect to the original question presented, if the Court reaches it in this case, the government's position is, as Mr. Rayner has just explained in the first case this morning, Section 1231A.6 does not compel the bond-hearing regime imposed by the Ninth Circuit, any more than the Third Circuit, after the removal period, not as a mat\u2026"
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      "id": "scotus-20-443",
      "slug": "united-states-v-tsarnaev",
      "label": "United States v. Tsarnaev",
      "docketNumber": "20-443",
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      "caseName": "United States v. Tsarnaev",
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      "syllabus": "NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued. The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of t he Court but has been prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader. See United States v. Detroit Timber & Lumber Co., 200 U. S. 321, 337. SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES Syllabus UNITED STATES v. TSARNAEV CERTIORARI TO THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE FIRST CIRCUIT No. 20\u2013443. Argued October 13, 2021\u2014Decided March 4, 2022 On April 15, 2013, brothers Dzhokhar and Tamerlan Tsarnaev planted and detonated two homemade pressure -cooker bombs near the finish line of the Boston Marathon, killing three and wounding hundreds. Three days later, as investigators began to close in, the brothers fled. In the process, they murdered a Massachusetts Institute of Technology campus police officer, carjacked a graduate student, and fought a street battle with police during which Dzhokhar inadvertently ran over and killed Tamerlan. Dzhokhar eventually abandoned the vehicle and hid in a covered boat being stored in a nearby backyard. He was arrested the following day. Dzhokhar was indicted for 30 crimes, including 17 capital offenses. To prepare for jury selection, the parties proposed a 100 -question screening form, which included several questions regarding whether media coverage may have biased prospective jurors. The District Court declined to include a proposed question that asked each prospec- tive juror to list the facts he had learned about the case from the media and other sources. According to the District Court, the question was too \u201cunfocused\u201d and \u201cunguided. \u201d Following three weeks of in -person questioning, a jury was seated. The jury found Dzhokhar guilty on all counts, and the Government sought the death penalty. At sentencing, Dzhokhar sought mitigation based on the theory that Tamerlan had masterminded the bombing and pressured Dzhokhar to participate. In an attempt to show Tamerlan\u2019s domineering nature, Dzhokhar sought to introduce the statements of Ibragim Todashev, who had alleged during an FBI interview that, years earlier, Tamerlan had participated in a triple homicide in Waltham, Massachusetts. The Government asked the trial court to exclude any reference to the Wal- 2 UNITED STATES v. TSARNAEV Syllabus tham murders on the grounds that the evidence either lacked rele- vance or, alternatively, lacked probative value\u2026",
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              "snippet": "(Slip Opinion)              OCTOBER TERM, 2021                                       1\n\n                                       Syllabus\n\n         NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is\n       being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued.\n       The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been\n       prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader.\n       See United States v. Detroit ",
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          "courtListenerUrl": "https://www.courtlistener.com/audio/78070/united-states-petitioner-v-dzhokhar-a-tsarnaev/",
          "snippet": "We will hear argument first this morning in case 2443, United States v. Tsarnaev. Mr. Fagan. Thank you, Mr. Chief Justice, and may it please the Court. After watching video of respondent, by himself, personally placing a shrapnel bomb behind a group of children at the Boston Marathon, the jury in this case returned a nuanced verdict, unanimously recommending capital punishment for that specific d\u2026"
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      "href": "/gavel/docket/united-states-v-tsarnaev",
      "holdingAuthor": "Clarence Thomas"
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    {
      "id": "scotus-20-480",
      "slug": "babcock-v-kijakazi",
      "label": "Babcock v. Kijakazi",
      "docketNumber": "20-480",
      "term": "OT 2021",
      "topicTags": [],
      "whyTracked": "SCOTUS merits case argued in OT 2021.",
      "caseName": "Babcock v. Kijakazi",
      "status": "decided",
      "docketId": 62546725,
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      "citations": [
        "595 U.S. 77",
        "211 L. Ed. 2d 424",
        "142 S. Ct. 641"
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          "authorId": 8543,
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          "dateArgued": null,
          "citations": [
            "595 U.S. 77",
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          "citeCount": 9,
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          "opinions": [
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              "id": 6052574,
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              "snippet": "(Slip Opinion)              OCTOBER TERM, 2021                                       1\n\n                                       Syllabus\n\n         NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is\n       being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued.\n       The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been\n       prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader.\n       See United States v. Detroit ",
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          "snippet": "We'll hear argument next in case 2480, Babcock v. Kijakazi. Mr. Katyal. Thank you, Mr. Chief Justice, and may it please the Court. I'd like to begin with the statutory text. Section 415A7A is found at Petition Appendix page 69A, and it excludes from the Windfall Elimination Provision, quote, a payment based wholly on service as a member of a uniformed service, as defined in Section 410M. David Ba\u2026"
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    {
      "id": "scotus-20-493",
      "slug": "ysleta-del-sur-pueblo-v-texas",
      "label": "Ysleta del Sur Pueblo v. Texas",
      "docketNumber": "20-493",
      "term": "OT 2021",
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      "caseName": "Ysleta del Sur Pueblo v. Texas",
      "status": "decided",
      "docketId": 63385704,
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      "citations": [
        "596 U.S. 685",
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          "citeCount": 56,
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            {
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              "snippet": "(Slip Opinion)              OCTOBER TERM, 2021                                       1\n\n                                       Syllabus\n\n         NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is\n       being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued.\n       The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been\n       prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader.\n       See United States v. Detroit ",
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        {
          "audioId": 80031,
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          "durationSeconds": 5503,
          "downloadUrl": "http://www.supremecourt.gov/media/audio/mp3files/20-493.mp3",
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          "snippet": "Mr. Martin. Mr. Chief Justice, and may it please the Court. The question this case presents is whether the Restoration Act subjects the Pueblo to Texas' time, place, and manner restrictions as it relates to games that Texas does not flatly prohibit. It does not. In the Restoration Act, Congress codified the Cabazon ban framework and specifically foreclosed Texas' regulatory authority over the tri\u2026"
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      "slug": "wooden-v-united-states",
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      "caseName": "Wooden v. United States",
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              "snippet": "(Slip Opinion)              OCTOBER TERM, 2021                                       1\n\n                                       Syllabus\n\n         NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is\n       being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued.\n       The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been\n       prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader.\n       See United States v. Detroit ",
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              "id": 6321046,
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              "snippet": "(Slip Opinion)              OCTOBER TERM, 2021                                       1\n\n                                       Syllabus\n\n         NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is\n       being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued.\n       The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been\n       prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader.\n       See United States v. Detroit ",
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          "snippet": "We'll hear argument next in Case 20-5279, Wooden v. United States. Mr. Kedem. Mr. Chief Justice, and may it please the Court, as its name suggests, the Armed Career Criminal Act singles out the most intractable offenders for the harshest punishments by requiring three qualifying offenses, quote, committed on occasions different from one another. That phrase does not apply to defendants like Mr. W\u2026"
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      "id": "scotus-20-601",
      "slug": "cameron-v-emw-women-s-surgical-center",
      "label": "Cameron v. EMW Women's Surgical Center",
      "docketNumber": "20-601",
      "term": "OT 2021",
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      "syllabus": "NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued. The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of t he Court but has been prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader. See United States v. Detroit Timber & Lumber Co., 200 U. S. 321, 337. SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES Syllabus CAMERON, ATTORNEY GENERAL OF KENTUCKY v. EMW WOMEN\u2019S SURGICAL CENTER, P. S. C., ET AL. CERTIORARI TO THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE SIXTH CIRCUIT No. 20\u2013601. Argued October 12, 2021\u2014Decided March 3, 2022 EMW Women\u2019s Surgical Center and two of its doctors filed a federal suit seeking to enjoin enforcement of Kentucky House Bill 454, legislation regulating the abortion procedure known as dilation and evacuation. Named defendants in EMW\u2019s lawsuit included two Commonwealth of- ficials, the attorney general and the cabinet secretary for Health and Family Services. EMW agreed to dismiss claims against the attorney general without prejudice. The stipulation of dismissal specified that the attorney general\u2019s office reserved \u201call rights, claims, and defenses . . . in any appeals arising out of this action\u201d and agreed to be bound by \u201cany final judgment . . . subject to any modification, reversal or vaca- tion of the judgment on appeal.\u201d App. 28\u201330. The secretary remained in the case and defended the challenged law. After a bench tr ial, the District Court held that HB 454 unconstitutionally burdens a woman\u2019s right to an abortion and issued a permanent injunction against the law\u2019s enforcement. The secretary filed a notice of appeal. While the appeal was pending, Kentucky elected a new attorney general, petitioner David Cameron, and elected the former attorney general, Andrew Beshear, Governor. Governor Beshear appointed a new secretary for Health and Family Services who continued the defense of HB 454 on appeal. Prior to oral argument before the Sixth Circuit, Attorney General Cameron entered an appearance as counsel for the new secretary. A divided Sixth Circuit panel affirmed the District Court\u2019s judgment. The secretary then informed the attorney general\u2019s office that the sec- retary would not file a petition for rehearing en banc or a petition for a writ of certiorari challenging the Sixth Circuit panel\u2019s decision. Two 2 CAMERON v. EMW WOMEN\u2019S SURGICAL CENTER, P. S. C. Syllabus days later, the attorney general moved to withdraw as counsel for the\u2026",
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          "snippet": "We will hear argument first this morning in Case 2601, Cameron v. EMW Women's Surgical Center. Mr. Kuhn. Mr. Chief Justice, and may it please the Court, two days after learning that another state official had stopped defending Kentucky's House Bill 454, the Attorney General moved to intervene so that the Commonwealth could exhaust all appeals in defense of its law. The Sixth Circuit kept the Atto\u2026"
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          "snippet": "We'll hear argument this morning in Case 2603, Torres v. Texas Dept. of Public Safety. Mr. Tutte? Thank you, Mr. Chief Justice, and may it please the Court. The Constitution gave Congress the power to raise and support armies, and the reason for that grant was to ensure the survival of the nation. The Constitution provided Congress with the tools necessary to fulfill its preeminent national defen\u2026"
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              "snippet": "(Slip Opinion)              OCTOBER TERM, 2021                                       1\n\n                                       Syllabus\n\n         NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is\n       being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued.\n       The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been\n       prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader.\n       See United States v. Detroit ",
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              "snippet": "(Slip Opinion)              OCTOBER TERM, 2021                                       1\n\n                                       Syllabus\n\n         NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is\n       being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued.\n       The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been\n       prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader.\n       See United States v. Detroit ",
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          "snippet": "Mr. T. Justice, and may it please the Court, a defendant cannot lose his right under the Confrontation Clause to exclude testimonial hearsay simply by making a legitimate defense based on admissible evidence. And that is true even if the hearsay the prosecution would like to introduce would supposedly contradict that defense. To the contrary, history and experience tell us that is when the clause\u2026"
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          "snippet": "We will hear argument next in Case 2659, Thompson v. Clark. Mr. Ali? Thank you, Mr. Chief Justice, and may it please the Court. The Second Circuit holds that a criminal proceeding terminates in the accused's favor only if it affirmatively indicated that the accused is innocent. That is wrong. A criminal proceeding terminates in the accused's favor when it ends and the prosecution has failed to ob\u2026"
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          "snippet": "We'll hear argument next in Case 20-7622, Denezpi v. United States. Mr. Kimberly. Thank you, Mr. Chief Justice, and may it please the Court. The Double Jeopardy Clause implicates two distinct exercises of sovereign authority. First, the authority to say what an offense is, and second, the authority to put an individual in jeopardy for committing an offense. This Court has consistently assumed the\u2026"
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      "holdingAuthor": "Amy Coney Barrett"
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      "label": "Houston Community College Sys. v. Wilson",
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          "snippet": "We'll hear argument first this morning in Case 2804, Houston Community College System v. Wilson. Mr. Morris. Mr. Chief Justice, and may it please the Court, the Fifth Circuit recognized a new cause of action based on an elected body censoring a member. That decision is wrong for two reasons. First, it ignores this country's history and parliamentary tradition, which recognize the right of elected\u2026"
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      "label": "LeDure v. Union Pacific Railroad Co.",
      "docketNumber": "20-807",
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      "caseName": "LeDure v. Union Pacific Railroad Co.",
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              "snippet": "(Slip Opinion)            Cite as: 596 U. S. ____ (2022)                                 1\n\n                                      Per Curiam\n\n       NOTICE: This opinion is subject to formal revision before publication in the\n       preliminary print of the United States Reports. Readers are requested to\n       notify the Reporter of Decisions, Supreme Court of the United States, Wash-\n       ington, D. C. 20543, of any typographical or other formal errors, in order that\n       corrections may b",
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          "snippet": "We'll hear argument first this morning in case 2807, LeDure v. Union Pacific Railroad Co. Mr. Frederick. Thank you, Mr. Chief Justice, and may it please the Court. In 1904, this Court held in Johnson v. Southern Pacific that a motionless dining car was in use when a worker's hand was crushed while he was trying to couple the car with a locomotive. That case construed use under the Safety Applianc\u2026"
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      "label": "Brown v. Davenport",
      "docketNumber": "20-826",
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      "dateFiled": "2022-04-21",
      "citations": [
        "596 U.S. 118",
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              "id": 6333584,
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              "downloadUrl": "https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/21pdf/20-826_p702.pdf",
              "snippet": "(Slip Opinion)              OCTOBER TERM, 2021                                       1\n\n                                       Syllabus\n\n         NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is\n       being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued.\n       The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been\n       prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader.\n       See United States v. Detroit ",
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          "audioId": 77904,
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          "courtListenerUrl": "https://www.courtlistener.com/audio/77904/mike-brown-acting-warden-petitioner-v-ervine-davenport/",
          "snippet": "We'll hear argument first this morning in case 2826, Brown v. Davenport. Ms. Hamoud? Mr. Chief Justice, and may it please the Court, Davenport's concession that Brecht doesn't always subsume ACPA narrows the dispute here. But the modified Brecht-only approach he suggests gives no deference to state courts' merits adjudications and absolves habeas petitioners of their burden under 2254 D.I. Even i\u2026"
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      "href": "/gavel/docket/brown-v-davenport",
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    {
      "id": "scotus-20-827",
      "slug": "united-states-v-zubaydah",
      "label": "United States v. Zubaydah",
      "docketNumber": "20-827",
      "term": "OT 2021",
      "topicTags": [],
      "whyTracked": "SCOTUS merits case argued in OT 2021.",
      "caseName": "United States v. Zubaydah",
      "status": "decided",
      "docketId": 63131038,
      "dateArgued": "2021-10-06",
      "dateFiled": "2022-03-03",
      "citations": [
        "595 U.S. 195"
      ],
      "syllabus": "NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued. The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of t he Court but has been prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader. See United States v. Detroit Timber & Lumber Co., 200 U. S. 321, 337. SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES Syllabus UNITED STATES v. HUSAYN, AKA ZUBAYDAH, ET AL. CERTIORARI TO THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT No. 20\u2013827. Argued October 6, 2021\u2014Decided March 3, 2022 In the aftermath of the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks, the Cen- tral Intelligence Agency believed that Abu Zubaydah was a senior al Qaeda lieutenant likely to possess knowledge of future attacks against the United States. Zubaydah \u2014currently a detainee at the Guant\u00e1- namo Bay Naval Base \u2014 says that in 2002 and 2003 he was held at a CIA detention site in Poland, where he was subjected to \u201cenhanced in- terrogation\u201d techniques. In 2010, Zubaydah filed a criminal complaint in Poland, seeking to hold accountable any Polish nationals involved in his alleged mistreatment at the CIA site ostensibly located in that country. The United States denied multiple requests by Polish prose- cutors for information related to Zubaydah\u2019s claim on the ground that providing such information would threaten national security. Zubaydah filed a discovery application pursuant to 28 U. S. C. \u00a71782 , which permits district courts to order production of testimony or docu- ments \u201cfor use in a proceeding in a foreign . . . tribunal.\u201d Zubaydah asked for permission to serve two former CIA contractors with subpoe- nas requesting information regarding the alleged CIA detention facil- ity in Poland and Zubaydah\u2019s treatment there. The Government inter- vened and asserted the state secrets privilege in opposition to Zubaydah\u2019s discovery request. The District Court rejected the Government\u2019s claim that merely con- firming that a detention site was operated in Poland would threaten national security. The District Court nevertheless dismissed Zubaydah\u2019s discovery application. It concluded that the state secrets privilege applied to operational details concerning the CIA\u2019s coopera- tion with a foreign government, and that meaningful discovery could not proceed without disclosing privileged information. On appeal, the 2 UNITED STATES v. ZUBAYDAH Syllabus Ninth Circuit agreed with the District Court that much of the i\u2026",
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              "snippet": "                                                       3/7/2022 3:50:55 PM\n\n\n                                             Compare Results\n\n                              Old File:                                              New File:\n                             20-827.pdf                                          20-827_new.pdf\n                                                               versus\n                       77 pages (1.13 MB)                                       77 pages (1.17 MB)\n ",
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              "snippet": "(Slip Opinion)              OCTOBER TERM, 2021                                       1\n\n                                       Syllabus\n\n         NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is\n       being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued.\n       The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been\n       prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader.\n       See United States v. Detroit ",
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          "snippet": "We will hear argument in case 2827, United States v. Zubaydah. Mr. Fletcher. Thank you, Mr. Chief Justice, and may it please the Court. Our nation's covert intelligence partnerships depend on our partners' trust that we will keep those relationships confidential. Respondents seek discovery that would compel a breach of that trust by confirming or denying the existence of an alleged CIA facility i\u2026"
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    {
      "id": "scotus-20-828",
      "slug": "fbi-v-fazaga",
      "label": "FBI v. Fazaga",
      "docketNumber": "20-828",
      "term": "OT 2021",
      "topicTags": [],
      "whyTracked": "SCOTUS merits case argued in OT 2021.",
      "caseName": "FBI v. Fazaga",
      "status": "decided",
      "docketId": 63134644,
      "dateArgued": "2021-11-08",
      "dateFiled": "2022-03-04",
      "citations": [
        "595 U.S. 344"
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      "syllabus": "NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued. The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of t he Court but has been prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader. See United States v. Detroit Timber & Lumber Co., 200 U. S. 321, 337. SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES Syllabus FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION ET AL. v. FAZAGA ET AL. CERTIORARI TO THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT No. 20\u2013828. Argued November 8, 2021\u2014Decided March 4, 2022 Respondents Yassir Fazaga, Ali Malik, and Yasser Abdel Rahim, mem- bers of Muslim communities in California, filed a putative class action against the Federal Bureau of Investigation and certain Government officials, claiming that the Government subjected them and other Mus- lims to illegal surveillance under the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (FISA). FISA provides special procedures for use when the Government wishes to conduct foreign intelligence surveillance. Rele- vant here, FISA provides a procedure under which a trial -level court or other authority may consider the legality of electronic surveillance conducted under FISA and order specified forms of relief. See 50 U. S. C. \u00a71806(f). The Government moved to dismiss most of respond- ents\u2019 claims under the \u201cstate secrets\u201d privilege. See, e.g., General Dy- namics Corp. v. United States, 563 U. S. 478. After reviewing both public and classified filings, the District Court held that the state se- crets privilege required dismissal of all respondents\u2019 claims against the Government, except for one claim under \u00a71810, which it dismissed on other grounds. The District Court determined dismissal appropriate because litigation of the dismissed claims \u201cwould require or unjustifi- ably risk disclosure of secret and classified information.\u201d 884 F. Supp. 2d 1022, 1028 \u20131029. The Ninth Circuit reversed in relev ant part, holding that \u201cCongress intended FISA to displace the state secrets privilege and its dismissal remedy with respect to electronic surveil- lance.\u201d 965 F. 3d 1015, 1052. Held: Section 1806(f) does not displace the state secrets privilege. Pp. 7\u2013 13. (a) The case requires the Court to determine whether FISA affects the availability or scope of the long-established \u201cGovernment privilege 2 FBI v. FAZAGA Syllabus against court-ordered disclosure of state and military secrets.\u201d General Dynamics Corp., 563\u2026",
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              "snippet": "(Slip Opinion)              OCTOBER TERM, 2021                                       1\n\n                                       Syllabus\n\n         NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is\n       being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued.\n       The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been\n       prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader.\n       See United States v. Detroit ",
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          "snippet": "We will hear argument first this morning in case 2828, the Federal Bureau of Investigation v. Fazaga. Mr. Kneedler. Mr. Chief Justice, and may it please the Court, the state secret's privilege is firmly grounded in the Constitution and the common law, and is critical to safeguarding the national security. The Ninth Circuit did not disagree with the District Court's conclusion that the information\u2026"
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      "holdingAuthor": "Samuel A. Alito Jr."
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    {
      "id": "scotus-20-843",
      "slug": "nysrpa-v-bruen",
      "label": "New York State Rifle & Pistol Association v. Bruen",
      "docketNumber": "20-843",
      "term": "OT 2021",
      "topicTags": [
        "second-amendment",
        "guns",
        "public-carry"
      ],
      "whyTracked": "History-and-tradition test for public-carry firearm regulations.",
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              "snippet": "(Slip Opinion)              OCTOBER TERM, 2021                                       1\n\n                                       Syllabus\n\n         NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is\n       being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued.\n       The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been\n       prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader.\n       See United States v. Detroit ",
              "excerpt": "(Slip Opinion) OCTOBER TERM, 2021 1\n\n Syllabus\n\n NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is\n being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued.\n The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been\n prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader.\n See United States v. Detroit Timber & Lumber Co., 200 U. S. 321, 337 .\n\nSUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES\n\n Syllabus\n\n NEW YORK STATE RIFLE & PISTOL ASSOCIATION,\n INC., ET AL. v. BRUEN, SUPERINTENDENT OF NEW\n YORK STATE POLICE, ET AL.\n\nCERTIORARI TO THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR\n THE SECOND CIRCUIT\n\n No. 20\u2013843. Argued November 3, 2021\u2014Decided June 23, 2022\nThe State of New York makes it a crime to possess a firearm without a\n license, whether inside or outside the home. An individual who wants\n to carry a firearm outside his home may obtain an unrestricted license\n to \u201chave and carry\u201d a concealed \u201cpistol or revolver\u201d if he can prove that\n \u201cproper cause exists\u201d for doing so. N. Y. Penal Law Ann. \u00a7400.00(2)(f ).\n An applicant satisfies the \u201cproper cause\u201d requirement only if he can\n \u201cdemonstrate a special need for self-protection\u2026",
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      "id": "scotus-20-915",
      "slug": "unicolors-inc-v-h-m-hennes-mauritz-l-p",
      "label": "Unicolors, Inc. v. H&M Hennes & Mauritz, L.P.",
      "docketNumber": "20-915",
      "term": "OT 2021",
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      "caseName": "Unicolors, Inc. v. H&M Hennes & Mauritz, L. P.",
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      "citations": [
        "595 U.S. 178",
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      "syllabus": "NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued. The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of t he Court but has been prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader. See United States v. Detroit Timber & Lumber Co., 200 U. S. 321, 337. SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES Syllabus UNICOLORS, INC. v. H&M HENNES & MAURITZ, L. P. CERTIORARI TO THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT No. 20\u2013915. Argued November 8, 2021\u2014Decided February 24 , 2022 A valid copyright registration provides a copyright holder with important legal advantages, including the right to bring a \u201ccivil action for in- fringement\u201d of the copyrighted work. 17 U. S. C. \u00a7411(a). Petitioner Unicolors, the owner of copyrights in various fabric designs, filed a copy- right infringement action against H&M Hennes & Mauritz (H&M). A jury found in favor of Unicolors. H&M sought judgment as a matter of law, arguing that Unicolors could not maintain an infringement suit because Unicolors knowingly included inaccurate information on its registration application, rendering its copyright registra tion invalid. The alleged inaccuracy stemmed from Unicolors having filed a single application seeking registration for 31 separate works despite a Copy- right Office regulation that provides that a single application may cover multiple works only if they we re \u201cincluded in the same unit of publication.\u201d H&M argued that Unicolors did not meet this require- ment because Unicolors had initially made some of the 31 designs available for sale exclusively to certain customers, while offering the rest to the general public. The District Court determined that because Unicolors did not know when it filed its application that it had failed to satisfy the \u201csingle unit of publication\u201d requirement, Unicolors\u2019 copy- right registration remained valid by operation of the safe harbor pro- vision provided under \u00a7411(b)(1)(A). On appeal, the Ninth Circuit de- termined that it did not matter whether Unicolors was aware that it had failed to satisfy the single unit of publication requirement, because the safe harbor excuses only good-faith mistakes of fact, not law. Uni- colors had known the relevant facts, so its knowledge of the law (or lack thereof ) was irrelevant. Held: Section 411(b) does not distinguish between a mistake of law and a mistake of fact; lack of either factual or legal\u2026",
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              "snippet": "(Slip Opinion)              OCTOBER TERM, 2021                                       1\n\n                                       Syllabus\n\n         NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is\n       being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued.\n       The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been\n       prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader.\n       See United States v. Detroit ",
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          "snippet": "We'll hear argument next in Case 2915, Unicolors v. H&M Hennes & Mauritz. Mr. Rosenkranz. Thank you, Mr. Chief Justice, and may it please the Court. The question here is, what state of mind a copyright infringer must prove to establish that an applicant included inaccurate information, quote, with knowledge that it was inaccurate? The answer is that it requires subjective awareness of what of the\u2026"
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        "596 U.S. 328",
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              "snippet": "(Slip Opinion)              OCTOBER TERM, 2021                                       1\n\n                                       Syllabus\n\n         NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is\n       being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued.\n       The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been\n       prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader.\n       See United States v. Detroit ",
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          "snippet": "We'll hear argument first this morning in case 2979, Patel v. Garland. Mr. Fleming? Mr. Chief Justice, and may it please the Court, as the government agrees, section 1252A2B1 does not bar review of the agency's threshold determination that Mr. Patel is ineligible for adjustment of status. That understanding is consistent with the statutory text, context, and history, and it's also consistent with\u2026"
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      "docketId": 63313748,
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              "snippet": "(Slip Opinion)              OCTOBER TERM, 2021                                       1\n\n                                       Syllabus\n\n         NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is\n       being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued.\n       The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been\n       prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader.\n       See United States v. Detroit ",
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          "snippet": "We will hear argument first this morning in Case 21-12, Federal Election Commission v. Ted Cruz for Senate. Mr. Stewart. Mr. Chief Justice, and may it please the Court, Appellees' suit should be dismissed for lack of standing, but if the Court reaches the merits, it should reverse the District Court's judgment and hold that the statutory loan repayment limit is constitutional. Appellees lack stan\u2026"
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      "label": "Egbert v. Boule",
      "docketNumber": "21-147",
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      "status": "decided",
      "docketId": 63369289,
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      "citations": [
        "596 U.S. 482",
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              "id": 6347905,
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              "snippet": "(Slip Opinion)              OCTOBER TERM, 2021                                       1\n\n                                       Syllabus\n\n         NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is\n       being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued.\n       The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been\n       prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader.\n       See United States v. Detroit ",
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          "snippet": "Mr. Chief Justice, and may it please the Court. This Court should not expand Bivens for the first time in 40 years. First, Bivens extensions clash with modern precedents. Bivens interpreted federal courts' jurisdiction over federal questions, thus authorizing courts to fashion new damages actions. Decades of intervening cases reject that premise and remove any doctrinal basis for Bivens extension\u2026"
        }
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      "holdingAuthor": "Clarence Thomas"
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      "id": "scotus-21-234",
      "slug": "george-v-mcdonough",
      "label": "George v. McDonough",
      "docketNumber": "21-234",
      "term": "OT 2021",
      "topicTags": [],
      "whyTracked": "SCOTUS merits case argued in OT 2021.",
      "caseName": "George v. McDonough",
      "status": "decided",
      "docketId": 63385991,
      "dateArgued": "2022-04-19",
      "dateFiled": "2022-06-15",
      "citations": [
        "596 U.S. 740",
        "213 L. Ed. 2d 265",
        "142 S. Ct. 1953"
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          "dateArgued": null,
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          "citeCount": 59,
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              "snippet": "(Slip Opinion)              OCTOBER TERM, 2021                                       1\n\n                                       Syllabus\n\n         NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is\n       being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued.\n       The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been\n       prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader.\n       See United States v. Detroit ",
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          "durationSeconds": 4521,
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          "courtListenerUrl": "https://www.courtlistener.com/audio/80830/kevin-r-george-petitioner-v-denis-r-mcdonough-secretary-of-veterans/",
          "snippet": "We will hear argument first this morning in case 21-234, George v. McDonough. Ms. Bostwick. Mr. Chief Justice, and may it please the Court, our nation's Veterans Benefit System is intended to be strongly and uniquely proclaimant. In this non-adversarial system, Veterans enjoy distinct procedural protections, and review of otherwise final decisions for clear and unmistakable error, or CUE, is one\u2026"
        }
      ],
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      "holdingAuthor": "Amy Coney Barrett"
    },
    {
      "id": "scotus-21-248",
      "slug": "berger-v-north-carolina-state-conf-of-naacp",
      "label": "Berger v. North Carolina State Conf. of NAACP",
      "docketNumber": "21-248",
      "term": "OT 2021",
      "topicTags": [],
      "whyTracked": "SCOTUS merits case argued in OT 2021.",
      "caseName": "Berger v. North Carolina State Conference of the NAACP",
      "status": "decided",
      "docketId": 63405003,
      "dateArgued": "2022-03-21",
      "dateFiled": "2022-06-23",
      "citations": [
        "597 U.S. 179",
        "142 S. Ct. 2191",
        "213 L. Ed. 2d 517"
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          "opinionId": 6352831,
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          "authorId": 1250,
          "authorName": "Neil M. Gorsuch"
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          "dateFiled": "2022-06-23",
          "dateArgued": null,
          "citations": [
            "597 U.S. 179",
            "142 S. Ct. 2191",
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          "citeCount": 55,
          "judge": "Neil Gorsuch",
          "courtListenerUrl": "https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/6480698/berger-v-north-carolina-state-conference-of-the-naacp/",
          "downloadUrl": "https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/21pdf/21-248_4fc5.pdf",
          "opinions": [
            {
              "id": 6352831,
              "type": "combined-opinion",
              "typeLabel": "Opinion of the Court",
              "authorId": 1250,
              "authorName": "Neil M. Gorsuch",
              "downloadUrl": "https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/21pdf/21-248_4fc5.pdf",
              "snippet": "(Slip Opinion)              OCTOBER TERM, 2021                                       1\n\n                                       Syllabus\n\n         NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is\n       being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued.\n       The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been\n       prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader.\n       See United States v. Detroit ",
              "hasFullText": false
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      "arguments": [
        {
          "audioId": 80495,
          "caseName": "Berger v. North Carolina State Conf. of NAACP",
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          "durationSeconds": 4262,
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          "courtListenerUrl": "https://www.courtlistener.com/audio/80495/philip-e-berger-et-al-petitioners-v-north-carolina-state-conference-of/",
          "snippet": "We'll hear argument next in Case 21-248, Berger v. North Carolina State Conf. of NAACP. Mr. Thompson. Mr. Chief Justice, and may it please the Court, North Carolina law designates the state as necessary parties, the petitioners as agents of the state and as necessary parties in all actions challenging state statutes. When such actions are filed in state court, the petitioners are defendants and n\u2026"
        }
      ],
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      "holdingAuthor": "Neil M. Gorsuch"
    },
    {
      "id": "scotus-21-309",
      "slug": "southwest-airlines-co-v-saxon",
      "label": "Southwest Airlines Co. v. Saxon",
      "docketNumber": "21-309",
      "term": "OT 2021",
      "topicTags": [],
      "whyTracked": "SCOTUS merits case argued in OT 2021.",
      "caseName": "Southwest Airlines Co. v. Saxon",
      "status": "decided",
      "docketId": 63362546,
      "dateArgued": "2022-03-28",
      "dateFiled": "2022-06-06",
      "citations": [
        "596 U.S. 450",
        "142 S. Ct. 1783"
      ],
      "syllabus": "NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued. The syllabus constitutes no part of the",
      "hasFullText": true,
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      "lineup": [
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          "authorId": 3200,
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          "dateFiled": "2022-06-06",
          "dateArgued": null,
          "citations": [
            "596 U.S. 450",
            "142 S. Ct. 1783"
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          "citeCount": 217,
          "judge": "Clarence Thomas",
          "courtListenerUrl": "https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/6475112/southwest-airlines-co-v-saxon/",
          "downloadUrl": "https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/21pdf/21-309_o758.pdf",
          "opinions": [
            {
              "id": 6347223,
              "type": "combined-opinion",
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              "authorId": 3200,
              "authorName": "Clarence Thomas",
              "downloadUrl": "https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/21pdf/21-309_o758.pdf",
              "snippet": "(Slip Opinion)              OCTOBER TERM, 2021                                       1\n\n                                       Syllabus\n\n         NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is\n       being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued.\n       The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been\n       prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader.\n       See United States v. Detroit ",
              "hasFullText": false
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "arguments": [
        {
          "audioId": 80564,
          "caseName": "Southwest Airlines Co. v. Saxon",
          "dateArgued": "2022-03-28",
          "durationSeconds": 4000,
          "downloadUrl": "http://www.supremecourt.gov/media/audio/mp3files/21-309.mp3",
          "courtListenerUrl": "https://www.courtlistener.com/audio/80564/southwest-airlines-co-petitioner-v-latrice-saxon/",
          "snippet": "We'll hear argument next in Case 21-309, Southwest Airlines v. Saxon. Mr. Dorefsky. Mr. Chief Justice, and may it please the Court, Section 1 of the FAA exempts only classes of workers that work on an instrumentality of foreign or interstate commerce, like a plane, ship, or train, as it moves goods or people across borders. That rule follows from Circuit City held that the exemption reaches only\u2026"
        }
      ],
      "href": "/gavel/docket/southwest-airlines-co-v-saxon",
      "holdingAuthor": "Clarence Thomas"
    },
    {
      "id": "scotus-21-328",
      "slug": "morgan-v-sundance-inc",
      "label": "Morgan v. Sundance, Inc.",
      "docketNumber": "21-328",
      "term": "OT 2021",
      "topicTags": [],
      "whyTracked": "SCOTUS merits case argued in OT 2021.",
      "caseName": "Morgan v. Sundance, Inc.",
      "status": "decided",
      "docketId": 63329488,
      "dateArgued": "2022-03-21",
      "dateFiled": "2022-05-23",
      "citations": [
        "596 U.S. 411",
        "142 S. Ct. 1708"
      ],
      "syllabus": "NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued. The syllabus constitutes no part of the",
      "hasFullText": true,
      "hasPdf": true,
      "pdfUrl": "/gavel/pdfs/morgan-v-sundance-inc.pdf",
      "lineup": [
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          "opinionId": 6343025,
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          "authorId": 1691,
          "authorName": "Elena Kagan"
        }
      ],
      "scotusDocketUrl": "https://www.supremecourt.gov/docket/docketfiles/html/public/21-328.html",
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          "clusterId": 6470914,
          "caseName": "Morgan v. Sundance, Inc.",
          "dateFiled": "2022-05-23",
          "dateArgued": null,
          "citations": [
            "596 U.S. 411",
            "142 S. Ct. 1708"
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          "citeCount": 659,
          "judge": "Elana Kagan",
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          "opinions": [
            {
              "id": 6343025,
              "type": "combined-opinion",
              "typeLabel": "Opinion of the Court",
              "authorId": 1691,
              "authorName": "Elena Kagan",
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              "snippet": "(Slip Opinion)              OCTOBER TERM, 2021                                       1\n\n                                       Syllabus\n\n         NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is\n       being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued.\n       The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been\n       prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader.\n       See United States v. Detroit ",
              "hasFullText": false
            }
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        }
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      "arguments": [
        {
          "audioId": 80494,
          "caseName": "Morgan v. Sundance, Inc.",
          "dateArgued": "2022-03-21",
          "durationSeconds": 4922,
          "downloadUrl": "http://www.supremecourt.gov/media/audio/mp3files/21-328.mp3",
          "courtListenerUrl": "https://www.courtlistener.com/audio/80494/robyn-morgan-petitioner-v-sundance-inc/",
          "snippet": "We will hear argument first this morning in Case 21-328, Morgan v. Sundance. Ms. Gilbride? Mr. Chief Justice, and may it please the Court, Section 2 of the Federal Arbitration Act requires that an agreement to arbitrate be enforced unless a generally applicable contract offense renders it unenforceable. But the Eighth Circuit didn't apply a generally applicable contract defense here. It applied a\u2026"
        }
      ],
      "href": "/gavel/docket/morgan-v-sundance-inc",
      "holdingAuthor": "Elena Kagan"
    },
    {
      "id": "scotus-21-401",
      "slug": "zf-automotive-us-inc-v-luxshare-ltd",
      "label": "ZF Automotive US, Inc. v. Luxshare, Ltd.",
      "docketNumber": "21-401",
      "term": "OT 2021",
      "topicTags": [],
      "whyTracked": "SCOTUS merits case argued in OT 2021.",
      "caseName": "ZF Automotive U. S., Inc. v. Luxshare, Ltd.",
      "status": "decided",
      "docketId": 63379470,
      "dateArgued": "2022-03-23",
      "dateFiled": "2022-06-13",
      "citations": [
        "596 U.S. 619",
        "142 S. Ct. 2078",
        "213 L. Ed. 2d 163"
      ],
      "syllabus": "NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued. The syllabus constitutes no part of the",
      "hasFullText": true,
      "hasPdf": true,
      "pdfUrl": "/gavel/pdfs/zf-automotive-us-inc-v-luxshare-ltd.pdf",
      "lineup": [
        {
          "opinionId": 6349224,
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          "authorId": 8543,
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        }
      ],
      "scotusDocketUrl": "https://www.supremecourt.gov/docket/docketfiles/html/public/21-401.html",
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      "primaryClusterId": 6477113,
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          "dateFiled": "2022-06-13",
          "dateArgued": null,
          "citations": [
            "596 U.S. 619",
            "142 S. Ct. 2078",
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          "citeCount": 16,
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          "downloadUrl": "https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/21pdf/21-401_2cp3.pdf",
          "opinions": [
            {
              "id": 6349224,
              "type": "combined-opinion",
              "typeLabel": "Opinion of the Court",
              "authorId": 8543,
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              "snippet": "(Slip Opinion)              OCTOBER TERM, 2021                                       1\n\n                                       Syllabus\n\n         NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is\n       being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued.\n       The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been\n       prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader.\n       See United States v. Detroit ",
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        }
      ],
      "arguments": [
        {
          "audioId": 80530,
          "caseName": "ZF Automotive US, Inc. v. Luxshare, Ltd.",
          "dateArgued": "2022-03-23",
          "durationSeconds": 6582,
          "downloadUrl": "http://www.supremecourt.gov/media/audio/mp3files/21-401.mp3",
          "courtListenerUrl": "https://www.courtlistener.com/audio/80530/zf-automotive-us-inc-et-al-petitioners-v-luxshare-ltd/",
          "snippet": "We'll hear argument this morning in Case 21-401, ZF Automotive US, Inc. v. Luxshare, Ltd. and the consolidated case. Mr. Martinez. Mr. Chief Justice, and may it please the Court, Section 1782's text, structure, and history make clear that district courts are not authorized to grant discovery for use in purely private foreign arbitrations. The key statutory language is the complete phrase, foreign\u2026"
        }
      ],
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    },
    {
      "id": "scotus-21-404",
      "slug": "united-states-v-washington",
      "label": "United States v. Washington",
      "docketNumber": "21-404",
      "term": "OT 2021",
      "topicTags": [],
      "whyTracked": "SCOTUS merits case argued in OT 2021.",
      "caseName": "United States v. Washington",
      "status": "decided",
      "docketId": 63397660,
      "dateArgued": "2022-04-18",
      "dateFiled": "2022-06-21",
      "citations": [
        "596 U.S. 832",
        "213 L. Ed. 2d 336",
        "142 S. Ct. 1976"
      ],
      "syllabus": "NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued. The syllabus constitutes no part of the",
      "hasFullText": true,
      "hasPdf": true,
      "pdfUrl": "/gavel/pdfs/united-states-v-washington.pdf",
      "lineup": [
        {
          "opinionId": 6351405,
          "type": "combined-opinion",
          "typeLabel": "Opinion of the Court",
          "authorId": 384,
          "authorName": "Stephen Breyer"
        }
      ],
      "scotusDocketUrl": "https://www.supremecourt.gov/docket/docketfiles/html/public/21-404.html",
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        {
          "clusterId": 6479294,
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          "dateFiled": "2022-06-21",
          "dateArgued": null,
          "citations": [
            "596 U.S. 832",
            "213 L. Ed. 2d 336",
            "142 S. Ct. 1976"
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          "citeCount": 34,
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          "opinions": [
            {
              "id": 6351405,
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              "typeLabel": "Opinion of the Court",
              "authorId": 384,
              "authorName": "Stephen Breyer",
              "downloadUrl": "https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/21pdf/21-404_i5ea.pdf",
              "snippet": "(Slip Opinion)              OCTOBER TERM, 2021                                       1\n\n                                       Syllabus\n\n         NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is\n       being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued.\n       The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been\n       prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader.\n       See United States v. Detroit ",
              "hasFullText": false
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "arguments": [
        {
          "audioId": 80809,
          "caseName": "United States v. Washington",
          "dateArgued": "2022-04-18",
          "durationSeconds": 3785,
          "downloadUrl": "http://www.supremecourt.gov/media/audio/mp3files/21-404.mp3",
          "courtListenerUrl": "https://www.courtlistener.com/audio/80809/united-states-petitioner-v-washington-et-al/",
          "snippet": "We will hear argument first this morning in Case 21-404, United States v. Washington. Mr. Stewart. Thank you, Mr. Chief Justice, and may it please the Court. First, this case is not moot. We acknowledge that Washington's recent enactment of SB 5890 makes it uncertain whether a decision invalidating HB 1723 will ultimately produce any financial benefit to the United States. Under this Court's prec\u2026"
        }
      ],
      "href": "/gavel/docket/united-states-v-washington",
      "holdingAuthor": "Stephen Breyer"
    },
    {
      "id": "scotus-21-418",
      "slug": "kennedy-v-bremerton-sch-dist",
      "label": "Kennedy v. Bremerton Sch. Dist.",
      "docketNumber": "21-418",
      "term": "OT 2021",
      "topicTags": [],
      "whyTracked": "SCOTUS merits case argued in OT 2021.",
      "caseName": "Kennedy v. Bremerton School Dist.",
      "status": "decided",
      "docketId": 63549791,
      "dateArgued": "2022-04-25",
      "dateFiled": "2022-06-27",
      "citations": [
        "597 U.S. 507",
        "213 L. Ed. 2d 755",
        "142 S. Ct. 2407"
      ],
      "syllabus": "NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued. The syllabus constitutes no part of the",
      "hasFullText": true,
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              "snippet": "(Slip Opinion)              OCTOBER TERM, 2021                                       1\n\n                                       Syllabus\n\n         NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is\n       being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued.\n       The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been\n       prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader.\n       See United States v. Detroit ",
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          "snippet": "We will hear argument first this morning in Case 21-418, Kennedy v. Bremerton Sch. Dist. Mr. Clement? Mr. Chief Justice, and may it please the Court, when Coach Kennedy took a knee at midfield after games to say a brief prayer of thanks, his expression was entirely his own. That private religious expression was doubly protected by the free exercise and free speech clauses. When the school distric\u2026"
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          "snippet": "Your argument next in case number 21-439, Nance v. Ward. Mr. Hellman. Thank you, Mr. Chief Justice, and may it please the Court. Mr. Nance's claim sounds in Section 1983 because it is a claim about how the state may execute him, not a claim that the state cannot execute him. That simple proposition decides this case, and indeed when the case began, respondents did not dispute it. Respondents knew\u2026"
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      "id": "scotus-21-588",
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              "snippet": "                   PRELIMINARY PRINT\n\n             Volume 600 U. S. Part 1\n                             Pages 181\u2013411\n\n\n\n\n       OFFICIAL REPORTS\n                                    OF\n\n\n   THE SUPREME COURT\n                               June 29, 2023\n\n\nPage Proof Pending Publication\n\n\n                   REBECCA A. WOMELDORF\n                           reporter of decisions\n\n\n\n\n    NOTICE: This preliminary print is subject to formal revision before\n  the bound volume is published. Users are requ",
              "excerpt": "PRELIMINARY PRINT\n\n Volume 600 U. S. Part 1\n Pages 181\u2013411\n\n OFFICIAL REPORTS\n OF\n\n THE SUPREME COURT\n June 29, 2023\n\nPage Proof Pending Publication\n\n REBECCA A. WOMELDORF\n reporter of decisions\n\n NOTICE: This preliminary print is subject to formal revision before\n the bound volume is published. Users are requested to notify the Reporter\n of Decisions, Supreme Court of the United States, Washington, D.C. 20543,\n pio@supremecourt.gov, of any typographical or other formal errors.\n\f OCTOBER TERM, 2022 181\n\n Syllabus\n\n STUDENTS FOR FAIR ADMISSIONS, INC. v.\n PRESIDENT AND FELLOWS OF\n HARVARD COLLEGE\ncertiorari to the united states court of appeals for\n the \ue405rst circuit\n No. 20\u20131199. Argued October 31, 2022\u2014Decided June 29, 2023*\nHarvard College and the University of North Carolina (UNC) are two of\n the oldest institutions of higher learning in the United States. Every\n year, tens of thousands of students apply to each school; many fewer are\n admitted. Both Harvard and UNC employ a highly selective admis-\n sions process to make their decisions. Admission to each school can\n depend on a student's grades, recommendation letters, or extracurricu-\n lar involvement. It can also depend on thei\u2026",
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              "snippet": "(Slip Opinion)              OCTOBER TERM, 2022                                       1\n\n                                       Syllabus\n\n         NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is\n       being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued.\n       The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been\n       prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader.\n       See United States v. Detroit ",
              "excerpt": "(Slip Opinion) OCTOBER TERM, 2022 1\n\n Syllabus\n\n NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is\n being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued.\n The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been\n prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader.\n See United States v. Detroit Timber & Lumber Co., 200 U. S. 321, 337 .\n\nSUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES\n\n Syllabus\n\n STUDENTS FOR FAIR ADMISSIONS, INC. v.\nPRESIDENT AND FELLOWS OF HARVARD COLLEGE\n\nCERTIORARI TO THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR\n THE FIRST CIRCUIT\n\n No. 20\u20131199. Argued October 31, 2022\u2014Decided June 29, 2023*\nHarvard College and the University of North Carolina (UNC) are two of\n the oldest institutions of higher learning in the United States. Every\n year, tens of thousands of students apply to each school; many fewer\n are admitted. Both Harvard and UNC employ a highly selective ad-\n missions process to make their decisions. Admission to each school can\n depend on a student\u2019s grades, recommendation letters, or extracurric-\n ular involvement. It can also depend on their race. The question pre-\n sented is whether the a\u2026",
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      "id": "scotus-21-1270",
      "slug": "moac-mall-holdings-llc-v-transform-holdco-llc",
      "label": "MOAC Mall Holdings LLC v. Transform Holdco LLC",
      "docketNumber": "21-1270",
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      "caseName": "MOAC Mall Holdings LLC v. Transform Holdco LLC",
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    {
      "id": "scotus-21-1271",
      "slug": "moore-v-harper",
      "label": "Moore v. Harper",
      "docketNumber": "21-1271",
      "term": "OT 2022",
      "topicTags": [
        "elections",
        "federalism",
        "legislature"
      ],
      "whyTracked": "Rejected the independent state legislature theory for federal elections.",
      "caseName": "Moore v. Harper",
      "status": "decided",
      "docketId": 66618471,
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      "dateFiled": "2023-06-27",
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      "syllabus": "ing the Elections Clause and requesting a stay of the North Carolina Supreme Court's decision. This Court declined to issue a stay, but later granted certiorari. After this Court granted certiorari, the North Carolina Supreme Court issued a decision addressing a remedial map adopted by the trial court. Harper v. Hall, 383 N. C. 89, 125, 881 S. E. 2d 156, 181 (Har- per II). The North Carolina Supreme Court then granted the legisla- tive defendants' request to rehear that remedial decision in Harper II . The court ultimately withdrew the opinion in Harper II concerning the remedial maps and overruled Harper I, repudiating its holding that par- tisan gerrymandering claims are justiciable under the North Carolina Constitution. The court dismissed plaintiffs' claims but did not rein- state the 2021 congressional plans struck down in Harper I under the State Constitution. This Court has entertained two rounds of supple- mental briefng on jurisdictional questions in light of the state court's rehearing proceedings. Held: 1. This Court has jurisdiction to review the judgment of the North Carolina Supreme Court in Harper I that adjudicated the Federal Elec- tions Clause issue. A corollary to this Court's jurisdiction over \u201cCases\u201d and \u201cControversies\u201d is that there must exist a dispute \u201cat all stages of review, not merely at the time the complaint is fled.\u201d Genesis Health- Care Corp. v. Symczyk, 569 U. S. 66, 71 (internal quotation marks omit- ted). The North Carolina Supreme Court's decision to withdraw Harper II and overrule Harper I does not moot this case. Prior to the appeal and rehearing proceedings in Harper II, the court had already entered the judgment and issued the mandate in Harper I, and the legis- lative defendants acknowledged that they would remain bound by Harper I 's decision enjoining the use of the 2021 plans. When the North Carolina Supreme Court \u201coverruled\u201d Harper I as part of the re- hearing proceedings, it repudiated Harper I 's conclusion that partisan gerrymandering claims are justiciable under the North Carolina Consti- tution. But the court did not purport to alter or amend the judgment in Harper I enjoining the use of the 2021 maps. Were this Court to reverse Harper I, the 2021 plans would again take effect. Because the legislative defendants' path to complete relief runs through this Court, the parties continue to have a \u201cpersonal stake in the ultimate disposition of the lawsuit\u201d suffcient to maintain this Court's jurisdiction. Chafn v.\u2026",
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              "snippet": "                   PRELIMINARY PRINT\n\n             Volume 600 U. S. Part 1\n                               Pages 1\u201365\n\n\n\n\n       OFFICIAL REPORTS\n                                    OF\n\n\n   THE SUPREME COURT\n                               June 27, 2023\n\n\nPage Proof Pending Publication\n\n\n                   REBECCA A. WOMELDORF\n                           reporter of decisions\n\n\n\n\n    NOTICE: This preliminary print is subject to formal revision before\n  the bound volume is published. Users are reque",
              "excerpt": "PRELIMINARY PRINT\n\n Volume 600 U. S. Part 1\n Pages 1\u201365\n\n OFFICIAL REPORTS\n OF\n\n THE SUPREME COURT\n June 27, 2023\n\nPage Proof Pending Publication\n\n REBECCA A. WOMELDORF\n reporter of decisions\n\n NOTICE: This preliminary print is subject to formal revision before\n the bound volume is published. Users are requested to notify the Reporter\n of Decisions, Supreme Court of the United States, Washington, D.C. 20543,\n pio@supremecourt.gov, of any typographical or other formal errors.\n\f CASES ADJUDGED\n IN THE\n\nSUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES\n AT\n\n OCTOBER TERM, 2022\n\n MOORE, in his of\ue405cial capacity as SPEAKER OF\n THE NORTH CAROLINA HOUSE OF REPRE-\n SENTATIVES, et al. v. HARPER et al.\n\n certiorari to the supreme court of north carolina\nPage Proof\n No. 21\u20131271. Pending\n Argued December Publication\n 7, 2022\u2014Decided June 27, 2023\nThe Elections Clause of the Federal Constitution requires \u201cthe Legisla-\n ture\u201d of each State to prescribe the rules governing federal elections.\n Art. I, \u00a7 4, cl. 1. This case concerns the claim that the Clause vests\n state legislatures with authority to set rules governing federal elections\n free from restrictions imposed under state law. Following the 2020 de-\n cen\u2026",
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              "snippet": "(Slip Opinion)              OCTOBER TERM, 2022                                       1\n\n                                       Syllabus\n\n         NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is\n       being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued.\n       The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been\n       prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader.\n       See United States v. Detroit ",
              "excerpt": "(Slip Opinion) OCTOBER TERM, 2022 1\n\n Syllabus\n\n NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is\n being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued.\n The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been\n prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader.\n See United States v. Detroit Timber & Lumber Co., 200 U. S. 321, 337 .\n\nSUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES\n\n Syllabus\n\nMOORE, IN HIS OFFICIAL CAPACITY AS SPEAKER OF THE\nNORTH CAROLINA HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES,\n ET AL. v. HARPER ET AL.\n\n CERTIORARI TO THE SUPREME COURT OF NORTH CAROLINA\n\n No. 21\u20131271. Argued December 7, 2022\u2014Decided June 27, 2023\nThe Elections Clause of the Federal Constitution requires \u201cthe Legisla-\n ture\u201d of each State to prescribe the rules governing federal elections.\n Art. I, \u00a74, cl. 1. This case concerns the claim that the Clause vests\n state legislatures with authority to set rules governing federal elec-\n tions free from restrictions imposed under state law. Following the\n 2020 decennial census, North Carolina\u2019s General Assembly drafted a\n new federal congressional map, which several groups of plaintiffs chal-\n len\u2026",
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      "id": "scotus-21-1397",
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      "syllabus": "303 CREATIVE LLC et al. v. ELENIS et al. certiorari to the united states court of appeals for the tenth circuit No. 21\u2013476. Argued December 5, 2022\u2014Decided June 30, 2023 Lorie Smith wants to expand her graphic design business, 303 Creative LLC, to include services for couples seeking wedding websites. But Ms. Smith worries that Colorado will use the Colorado Anti-Discrimination Act to compel her\u2014in violation of the First Amendment\u2014to create web- sites celebrating marriages she does not endorse. To clarify her rights, Ms. Smith fled a lawsuit seeking an injunction to prevent the State from forcing her to create websites celebrating marriages that defy her belief that marriage should be reserved to unions between one man and one woman. CADA prohibits all \u201cpublic accommodations\u201d from denying \u201cthe full and equal enjoyment\u201d of its goods and services to any customer based on his race, creed, disability, sexual orientation, or other statutorily enu- merated trait. Colo. Rev. Stat. \u00a7 24\u201334\u2013601(2)(a). The law defnes \u201cpublic accommodation\u201d broadly to include almost every public-facing business in the State. \u00a7 24\u201334\u2013601(1). Either state offcials or private citizens may bring actions to enforce the law. \u00a7\u00a7 24\u201334\u2013306, 24\u201334\u2013 602(1). And a variety of penalties can follow any violation. Before the district court, Ms. Smith and the State stipulated to a number of facts: Ms. Smith is \u201cwilling to work with all people regardless of classifcations such as race, creed, sexual orientation, and gender\u201d and \u201cwill gladly create custom graphics and websites\u201d for clients of any sex- ual orientation; she will not produce content that \u201ccontradicts biblical truth\u201d regardless of who orders it; Ms. Smith's belief that marriage is a union between one man and one woman is a sincerely held conviction; Ms. Smith provides design services that are \u201cexpressive\u201d and her \u201corigi- nal, customized\u201d creations \u201ccontribut[e] to the overall message\u201d her business conveys \u201cthrough the websites\u201d it creates; the wedding web- sites she plans to create \u201cwill be expressive in nature,\u201d will be \u201ccusto- mized and tailored\u201d through close collaboration with individual couples, and will \u201cexpress Ms. Smith's and 303 Creative's message celebrating and promoting\u201d her view of marriage; viewers of Ms. Smith's websites \u201cwill know that the websites are her original artwork;\u201d and \u201c[t]here are numerous companies in the State of Colorado and across the nation that offer custom website design services.\u201d Page Proof Pending Pub\u2026",
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              "snippet": "                   PRELIMINARY PRINT\n\n             Volume 600 U. S. Part 1\n                             Pages 570\u2013640\n\n\n\n\n       OFFICIAL REPORTS\n                                    OF\n\n\n   THE SUPREME COURT\n                               June 30, 2023\n\n\nPage Proof Pending Publication\n\n\n                   REBECCA A. WOMELDORF\n                           reporter of decisions\n\n\n\n\n    NOTICE: This preliminary print is subject to formal revision before\n  the bound volume is published. Users are requ",
              "excerpt": "PRELIMINARY PRINT\n\n Volume 600 U. S. Part 1\n Pages 570\u2013640\n\n OFFICIAL REPORTS\n OF\n\n THE SUPREME COURT\n June 30, 2023\n\nPage Proof Pending Publication\n\n REBECCA A. WOMELDORF\n reporter of decisions\n\n NOTICE: This preliminary print is subject to formal revision before\n the bound volume is published. Users are requested to notify the Reporter\n of Decisions, Supreme Court of the United States, Washington, D.C. 20543,\n pio@supremecourt.gov, of any typographical or other formal errors.\n\f570 OCTOBER TERM, 2022\n\n Syllabus\n\n 303 CREATIVE LLC et al. v. ELENIS et al.\n\ncertiorari to the united states court of appeals for\n the tenth circuit\n No. 21\u2013476. Argued December 5, 2022\u2014Decided June 30, 2023\nLorie Smith wants to expand her graphic design business, 303 Creative\n LLC, to include services for couples seeking wedding websites. But Ms.\n Smith worries that Colorado will use the Colorado Anti-Discrimination\n Act to compel her\u2014in violation of the First Amendment\u2014to create web-\n sites celebrating marriages she does not endorse. To clarify her rights,\n Ms. Smith fled a lawsuit seeking an injunction to prevent the State\n from forcing her to create websites celebrating marriages that defy her\n belief\u2026",
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              "snippet": "(Slip Opinion)              OCTOBER TERM, 2022                                       1\n\n                                       Syllabus\n\n         NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is\n       being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued.\n       The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been\n       prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader.\n       See United States v. Detroit ",
              "excerpt": "(Slip Opinion) OCTOBER TERM, 2022 1\n\n Syllabus\n\n NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is\n being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued.\n The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been\n prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader.\n See United States v. Detroit Timber & Lumber Co., 200 U. S. 321, 337 .\n\nSUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES\n\n Syllabus\n\n 303 CREATIVE LLC ET AL. v. ELENIS ET AL.\n\nCERTIORARI TO THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR\n THE TENTH CIRCUIT\n\n No. 21\u2013476. Argued December 5, 2022\u2014Decided June 30, 2023\nLorie Smith wants to expand her graphic design business, 303 Creative\n LLC, to include services for couples seeking wedding websites. But\n Ms. Smith worries that Colorado will use the Colorado Anti-Discrimi-\n nation Act to compel her\u2014in violation of the First Amendment\u2014to cre-\n ate websites celebrating marriages she does not endorse. To clarify\n her rights, Ms. Smith filed a lawsuit seeking an injunction to prevent\n the State from forcing her to create websites celebrating marriages\n that defy her belief that marriage should be reserved to unions be-\u2026",
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              "snippet": "                   PRELIMINARY PRINT\n\n             Volume 600 U. S. Part 1\n                             Pages 477\u2013550\n\n\n\n\n       OFFICIAL REPORTS\n                                    OF\n\n\n   THE SUPREME COURT\n                               June 30, 2023\n\n\nPage Proof Pending Publication\n\n\n                   REBECCA A. WOMELDORF\n                           reporter of decisions\n\n\n\n\n    NOTICE: This preliminary print is subject to formal revision before\n  the bound volume is published. Users are requ",
              "excerpt": "PRELIMINARY PRINT\n\n Volume 600 U. S. Part 1\n Pages 477\u2013550\n\n OFFICIAL REPORTS\n OF\n\n THE SUPREME COURT\n June 30, 2023\n\nPage Proof Pending Publication\n\n REBECCA A. WOMELDORF\n reporter of decisions\n\n NOTICE: This preliminary print is subject to formal revision before\n the bound volume is published. Users are requested to notify the Reporter\n of Decisions, Supreme Court of the United States, Washington, D.C. 20543,\n pio@supremecourt.gov, of any typographical or other formal errors.\n\f OCTOBER TERM, 2022 477\n\n Syllabus\n\n BIDEN, PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES,\n et al. v. NEBRASKA et al.\n\n certiorari before judgment to the united states\n court of appeals for the eighth circuit\n No. 22\u2013506. Argued February 28, 2023\u2014Decided June 30, 2023\nTitle IV of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (Education Act) governs\n federal fnancial aid mechanisms, including student loans. 20 U. S. C.\n \u00a7 1070 (a). The Act authorizes the Secretary of Education to cancel or\n reduce loans in certain limited circumstances. The Secretary may can-\n cel a set amount of loans held by some public servants, see \u00a7\u00a7 1078\u201310,\n 1087j, 1087ee. He may also forgive the loans of borrowers who have\n died or become \u201cpermanently and total\u2026",
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              "snippet": "                   PRELIMINARY PRINT\n\n             Volume 601 U. S. Part 2\n                             Pages 416\u2013471\n\n\n\n\n       OFFICIAL REPORTS\n                                    OF\n\n\n   THE SUPREME COURT\n                                May 16, 2024\n\n\nPage Proof Pending Publication\n\n\n                   REBECCA A. WOMELDORF\n                           reporter of decisions\n\n\n\n\n    NOTICE: This preliminary print is subject to formal revision before\n  the bound volume is published. Users are requ",
              "excerpt": "PRELIMINARY PRINT\n\n Volume 601 U. S. Part 2\n Pages 416\u2013471\n\n OFFICIAL REPORTS\n OF\n\n THE SUPREME COURT\n May 16, 2024\n\nPage Proof Pending Publication\n\n REBECCA A. WOMELDORF\n reporter of decisions\n\n NOTICE: This preliminary print is subject to formal revision before\n the bound volume is published. Users are requested to notify the Reporter\n of Decisions, Supreme Court of the United States, Washington, D.C. 20543,\n pio@supremecourt.gov, of any typographical or other formal errors.\n\f416 OCTOBER TERM, 2023\n\n Syllabus\n\n CONSUMER FINANCIAL PROTECTION BUREAU\n et al. v. COMMUNITY FINANCIAL SERVICES\n ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA, LTD., et al.\ncertiorari to the united states court of appeals for\n the \ue405fth circuit\n No. 22\u2013448. Argued October 3, 2023\u2014Decided May 16, 2024\nThe Constitution gives Congress control over the public fsc subject to the\n command that \u201c[n]o Money shall be drawn from the Treasury, but in\n Consequence of Appropriations made by Law.\u201d Art. I, \u00a7 9, cl. 7. For\n most federal agencies, Congress provides funding through annual appro-\n priations. For the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, however,\n Congress provided a standing source of funding outside the ordinary\n annual appropriati\u2026",
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          "clusterId": 9502726,
          "caseName": "Consumer Financial Protection Bureau v. Community Financial Services Assn. of America, Ltd.",
          "dateFiled": "2024-05-16",
          "dateArgued": "2023-10-03",
          "citations": [
            "601 U.S. 416"
          ],
          "citeCount": 7,
          "judge": "Clarence Thomas",
          "courtListenerUrl": "https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/9502726/consumer-financial-protection-bureau-v-community-financial-services-assn/",
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          "opinions": [
            {
              "id": 9969339,
              "type": "combined-opinion",
              "typeLabel": "Opinion of the Court",
              "authorId": 3200,
              "authorName": "Clarence Thomas",
              "downloadUrl": "https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/23pdf/22-448_o7jp.pdf",
              "snippet": "(Slip Opinion)              OCTOBER TERM, 2023                                       1\n\n                                       Syllabus\n\n         NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is\n       being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued.\n       The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been\n       prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader.\n       See United States v. Detroit ",
              "excerpt": "(Slip Opinion) OCTOBER TERM, 2023 1\n\n Syllabus\n\n NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is\n being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued.\n The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been\n prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader.\n See United States v. Detroit Timber & Lumber Co., 200 U. S. 321, 337 .\n\nSUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES\n\n Syllabus\n\n CONSUMER FINANCIAL PROTECTION BUREAU\n ET AL. v. COMMUNITY FINANCIAL SERVICES\n ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA, LTD., ET AL.\n\nCERTIORARI TO THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR\n THE FIFTH CIRCUIT\n\n No. 22\u2013448. Argued October 3, 2023\u2014Decided May 16, 2024\nThe Constitution gives Congress control over the public fisc subject to\n the command that \u201c[n]o Money shall be drawn from the Treasury, but\n in Consequence of Appropriations made by Law.\u201d Art. I, \u00a79, cl. 7. For\n most federal agencies, Congress provides funding through annual ap-\n propriations. For the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, how-\n ever, Congress provided a standing source of funding outside the ordi-\n nary annual appropriations process. Specifically, Congress author\u2026",
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          "courtListenerUrl": "https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/10600094/consumer-financial-protection-bureau-v-community-financial-services-assn/",
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            {
              "id": 11066682,
              "type": "combined-opinion",
              "typeLabel": "Opinion of the Court",
              "authorId": 3200,
              "authorName": "Clarence Thomas",
              "downloadUrl": "https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/23pdf/601us2r21_7648.pdf",
              "snippet": "                   PRELIMINARY PRINT\n\n             Volume 601 U. S. Part 2\n                             Pages 416\u2013471\n\n\n\n\n       OFFICIAL REPORTS\n                                    OF\n\n\n   THE SUPREME COURT\n                                May 16, 2024\n\n\nPage Proof Pending Publication\n\n\n                   REBECCA A. WOMELDORF\n                           reporter of decisions\n\n\n\n\n    NOTICE: This preliminary print is subject to formal revision before\n  the bound volume is published. Users are requ",
              "excerpt": "PRELIMINARY PRINT\n\n Volume 601 U. S. Part 2\n Pages 416\u2013471\n\n OFFICIAL REPORTS\n OF\n\n THE SUPREME COURT\n May 16, 2024\n\nPage Proof Pending Publication\n\n REBECCA A. WOMELDORF\n reporter of decisions\n\n NOTICE: This preliminary print is subject to formal revision before\n the bound volume is published. Users are requested to notify the Reporter\n of Decisions, Supreme Court of the United States, Washington, D.C. 20543,\n pio@supremecourt.gov, of any typographical or other formal errors.\n\f416 OCTOBER TERM, 2023\n\n Syllabus\n\n CONSUMER FINANCIAL PROTECTION BUREAU\n et al. v. COMMUNITY FINANCIAL SERVICES\n ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA, LTD., et al.\ncertiorari to the united states court of appeals for\n the \ue405fth circuit\n No. 22\u2013448. Argued October 3, 2023\u2014Decided May 16, 2024\nThe Constitution gives Congress control over the public fsc subject to the\n command that \u201c[n]o Money shall be drawn from the Treasury, but in\n Consequence of Appropriations made by Law.\u201d Art. I, \u00a7 9, cl. 7. For\n most federal agencies, Congress provides funding through annual appro-\n priations. For the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, however,\n Congress provided a standing source of funding outside the ordinary\n annual appropriati\u2026",
              "hasFullText": true
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        {
          "audioId": 88363,
          "caseName": "CFPB v. Com. Fin. Services Assn.",
          "dateArgued": "2023-10-03",
          "durationSeconds": 5657,
          "downloadUrl": "http://www.supremecourt.gov/media/audio/mp3files/22-448.mp3",
          "courtListenerUrl": "https://www.courtlistener.com/audio/88363/consumer-financial-protection-bureau-et-al-petitioners-v-community/",
          "snippet": "General Prelogar. Mr. Chief Justice, and may it please the Court, the Fifth Circuit's decision in this case is the first time any Court in our nation's history has held that Congress violated the Appropriations Clause by enacting a statute providing funding. This Court should uphold the CFPB's funding statute because it is the first time in our nation's history that Congress has violated the appr\u2026"
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      "href": "/gavel/docket/cfpb-v-cfsa",
      "holdingAuthor": "Clarence Thomas"
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    {
      "id": "scotus-22-451",
      "slug": "loper-bright-v-raimondo",
      "label": "Loper Bright Enterprises v. Raimondo",
      "docketNumber": "22-451",
      "term": "OT 2023",
      "topicTags": [
        "administrative-law",
        "chevron",
        "agencies"
      ],
      "whyTracked": "Overturned Chevron deference; resets how courts review agency interpretations of statutes.",
      "caseName": "Loper Bright Enterprises v. Raimondo",
      "status": "decided",
      "docketId": 68166979,
      "dateArgued": "2024-01-17",
      "dateFiled": "2024-06-28",
      "citations": [
        "603 U.S. 369"
      ],
      "syllabus": "LOPER BRIGHT ENTERPRISES et al. v. RAIMONDO, SECRETARY OF COMMERCE, et al. certiorari to the united states court of appeals for the district of columbia circuit No. 22\u2013451. Argued January 17, 2024\u2014Decided June 28, 2024* The Court granted certiorari in these cases limited to the question whether Chevron U. S. A. Inc. v. Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc., 467 U. S. 837, should be overruled or clarifed. Under the Chevron doctrine, courts have sometimes been required to defer to \u201cpermissible\u201d agency interpretations of the statutes those agencies administer\u2014even when a reviewing court reads the statute differently. Id., at 843. In each case below, the reviewing courts applied Chevron's framework to resolve in favor of the Government challenges by petitioners to a rule promulgated by the National Marine Fisheries Service pursuant to the Magnuson-Stevens Act, 16 U. S. C. \u00a7 1801 et seq., which incorporates the Administrative Procedure Act (APA), 5 U. S. C. \u00a7 551 et seq. Held: The Administrative Procedure Act requires courts to exercise their independent judgment in deciding whether an agency has acted within its statutory authority, and courts may not defer to an agency interpre- tation of the law simply because a statute is ambiguous; Chevron is overruled. Pp. 384\u2013413. (a) Article III of the Constitution assigns to the Federal Judiciary the responsibility and power to adjudicate \u201cCases\u201d and \u201cControversies\u201d\u2014 concrete disputes with consequences for the parties involved. The Framers appreciated that the laws judges would necessarily apply in resolving those disputes would not always be clear, but envisioned that the fnal \u201cinterpretation of the laws\u201d would be \u201cthe proper and peculiar province of the courts.\u201d The Federalist No. 78, p. 525 (A. Hamilton). As",
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              "id": 11066629,
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              "snippet": "                   PRELIMINARY PRINT\n\n              Volume 603 U. S. Part 1\n                             Pages 369\u2013479\n\n\n\n\n       OFFICIAL REPORTS\n                                     OF\n\n\n   THE SUPREME COURT\n                                June 28, 2024\n\n\nPage Proof Pending Publication\n\n\n                    REBECCA A. WOMELDORF\n                           reporter of decisions\n\n\n\n\n    NOTICE: This preliminary print is subject to formal revision before\n  the bound volume is published. Users are ",
              "excerpt": "PRELIMINARY PRINT\n\n Volume 603 U. S. Part 1\n Pages 369\u2013479\n\n OFFICIAL REPORTS\n OF\n\n THE SUPREME COURT\n June 28, 2024\n\nPage Proof Pending Publication\n\n REBECCA A. WOMELDORF\n reporter of decisions\n\n NOTICE: This preliminary print is subject to formal revision before\n the bound volume is published. Users are requested to notify the Reporter\n of Decisions, Supreme Court of the United States, Washington, D. C. 20543,\n pio@supremecourt.gov, of any typographical or other formal errors.\n\f OCTOBER TERM, 2023 369\n\n Syllabus\n\nLOPER BRIGHT ENTERPRISES et al. v. RAIMONDO,\n SECRETARY OF COMMERCE, et al.\n\ncertiorari to the united states court of appeals for\n the district of columbia circuit\n No. 22\u2013451. Argued January 17, 2024\u2014Decided June 28, 2024*\nThe Court granted certiorari in these cases limited to the question\n whether Chevron U. S. A. Inc. v. Natural Resources Defense Council,\n Inc., 467 U. S. 837 , should be overruled or clarifed. Under the Chevron\n doctrine, courts have sometimes been required to defer to \u201cpermissible\u201d\n agency interpretations of the statutes those agencies administer\u2014even\n when a reviewing court reads the statute differently. Id., at 843 . In\n each case below, the review\u2026",
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          "citeCount": 353,
          "judge": "John G. Roberts",
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            {
              "id": 10452863,
              "type": "combined-opinion",
              "typeLabel": "Opinion of the Court",
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              "authorName": "John G. Roberts Jr.",
              "downloadUrl": "https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/23pdf/22-451_7m58.pdf",
              "snippet": "(Slip Opinion)              OCTOBER TERM, 2023                                       1\n\n                                       Syllabus\n\n         NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is\n       being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued.\n       The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been\n       prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader.\n       See United States v. Detroit ",
              "excerpt": "(Slip Opinion) OCTOBER TERM, 2023 1\n\n Syllabus\n\n NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is\n being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued.\n The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been\n prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader.\n See United States v. Detroit Timber & Lumber Co., 200 U. S. 321, 337 .\n\nSUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES\n\n Syllabus\n\n LOPER BRIGHT ENTERPRISES ET AL. v. RAIMONDO,\n SECRETARY OF COMMERCE, ET AL.\n\nCERTIORARI TO THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR\n THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA CIRCUIT\n\n No. 22\u2013451. Argued January 17, 2024\u2014Decided June 28, 2024*\nThe Court granted certiorari in these cases limited to the question\n whether Chevron U. S. A. Inc. v. Natural Resources Defense Council,\n Inc., 467 U. S. 837 , should be overruled or clarified. Under the Chev-\n ron doctrine, courts have sometimes been required to defer to \u201cpermis-\n sible\u201d agency interpretations of the statutes those agencies adminis-\n ter\u2014even when a reviewing court reads the statute differently. Id., at\n 843 . In each case below, the reviewing courts applied Chevron\u2019s frame-\n work t\u2026",
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          "courtListenerUrl": "https://www.courtlistener.com/audio/90179/loper-bright-enterprises-et-al-petitioners-v-gina-raimondo-secretary/",
          "snippet": "Mr. Chief Justice, and may it please the Court, this case well illustrates the real-world cost of Chevron, which do not fall exclusively on the Chevrons of the world, but injure small businesses and individuals as well. Commercial fishing is hard, space onboard vessels is tight, and margins are tighter still. Therefore, for my clients, having to carry Federal observers onboard is a burden, but ha\u2026"
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      "holdingAuthor": "John G. Roberts Jr."
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      "label": "Great Lakes Insurance SE v. Raiders Retreat Realty Co., LLC",
      "docketNumber": "22-500",
      "term": "OT 2023",
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      "caseName": "Great Lakes Insurance SE v. Raiders Retreat Realty Co., LLC",
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      "label": "Culley v. Marshall",
      "docketNumber": "22-585",
      "term": "OT 2023",
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      "caseName": "Culley v. Marshall",
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      "id": "scotus-22-611",
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      "label": "Brown v. United States",
      "docketNumber": "22-6389",
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      "label": "Murray v. UBS Securities, LLC",
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      "docketNumber": "22-666",
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      "caseName": "Campos-Chaves v. Garland, Att'y Gen.",
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              "snippet": "(Slip Opinion)              OCTOBER TERM, 2023                                       1\n\n                                       Syllabus\n\n         NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is\n       being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued.\n       The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been\n       prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader.\n       See United States v. Detroit ",
              "excerpt": "(Slip Opinion) OCTOBER TERM, 2023 1\n\n Syllabus\n\n NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is\n being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued.\n The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been\n prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader.\n See United States v. Detroit Timber & Lumber Co., 200 U. S. 321, 337 .\n\nSUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES\n\n Syllabus\n\n UNITED STATES v. RAHIMI\n\nCERTIORARI TO THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR\n THE FIFTH CIRCUIT\n\n No. 22\u2013915. Argued November 7, 2023\u2014Decided June 21, 2024\nRespondent Zackey Rahimi was indicted under 18 U. S. C. \u00a7922 (g)(8), a\n federal statute that prohibits individuals subject to a domestic violence\n restraining order from possessing a firearm. A prosecution under Sec-\n tion 922(g)(8) may proceed only if the restraining order meets certain\n statutory criteria. In particular, the order must either contain a find-\n ing that the defendant \u201crepresents a credible threat to the physical\n safety\u201d of his intimate partner or his or his partner\u2019s child,\n \u00a7922(g)(8)(C)(i), or \u201cby its terms explicitly prohibit[ ] the use,\u201d at-\n te\u2026",
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              "snippet": "                   PRELIMINARY PRINT\n\n              Volume 602 U. S. Part 1\n                             Pages 680\u2013778\n\n\n\n\n       OFFICIAL REPORTS\n                                     OF\n\n\n   THE SUPREME COURT\n                                June 21, 2024\n\n\nPage Proof Pending Publication\n\n\n                    REBECCA A. WOMELDORF\n                           reporter of decisions\n\n\n\n\n    NOTICE: This preliminary print is subject to formal revision before\n  the bound volume is published. Users are ",
              "excerpt": "PRELIMINARY PRINT\n\n Volume 602 U. S. Part 1\n Pages 680\u2013778\n\n OFFICIAL REPORTS\n OF\n\n THE SUPREME COURT\n June 21, 2024\n\nPage Proof Pending Publication\n\n REBECCA A. WOMELDORF\n reporter of decisions\n\n NOTICE: This preliminary print is subject to formal revision before\n the bound volume is published. Users are requested to notify the Reporter\n of Decisions, Supreme Court of the United States, Washington, D. C. 20543,\n pio@supremecourt.gov, of any typographical or other formal errors.\n\f680 OCTOBER TERM, 2023\n\n Syllabus\n\n UNITED STATES v. RAHIMI\n\ncertiorari to the united states court of appeals for\n the \ue405fth circuit\n No. 22\u2013915. Argued November 7, 2023\u2014Decided June 21, 2024\nRespondent Zackey Rahimi was indicted under 18 U. S. C. \u00a7 922 (g)(8), a\n federal statute that prohibits individuals subject to a domestic violence\n restraining order from possessing a frearm. A prosecution under Sec-\n tion 922(g)(8) may proceed only if the restraining order meets certain\n statutory criteria. In particular, the order must either contain a fnd-\n ing that the defendant \u201crepresents a credible threat to the physical\n safety\u201d of his intimate partner or his or his partner's child, \u00a7 922(g)\n (8)(C)(i), or \u201cby\u2026",
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              "snippet": "(Slip Opinion)              OCTOBER TERM, 2023                                       1\n\n                                       Syllabus\n\n         NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is\n       being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued.\n       The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been\n       prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader.\n       See United States v. Detroit ",
              "excerpt": "(Slip Opinion) OCTOBER TERM, 2023 1\n\n Syllabus\n\n NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is\n being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued.\n The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been\n prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader.\n See United States v. Detroit Timber & Lumber Co., 200 U. S. 321, 337 .\n\nSUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES\n\n Syllabus\n\n UNITED STATES v. RAHIMI\n\nCERTIORARI TO THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR\n THE FIFTH CIRCUIT\n\n No. 22\u2013915. Argued November 7, 2023\u2014Decided June 21, 2024\nRespondent Zackey Rahimi was indicted under 18 U. S. C. \u00a7922 (g)(8), a\n federal statute that prohibits individuals subject to a domestic violence\n restraining order from possessing a firearm. A prosecution under Sec-\n tion 922(g)(8) may proceed only if the restraining order meets certain\n statutory criteria. In particular, the order must either contain a find-\n ing that the defendant \u201crepresents a credible threat to the physical\n safety\u201d of his intimate partner or his or his partner\u2019s child,\n \u00a7922(g)(8)(C)(i), or \u201cby its terms explicitly prohibit[ ] the use,\u201d at-\n te\u2026",
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          "snippet": "We'll hear argument this morning in Case 22-915, United States v. Rahimi. General Prologar. Mr. Chief Justice, and may it please the Court. Guns and domestic abuse are a deadly combination. As this Court has said, all too often the only difference between a battered woman and a dead woman is the presence of a gun. Armed abusers also pose grave danger to police officers responding to domestic viol\u2026"
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              "snippet": "(Slip Opinion)            Cite as: 601 U. S. ____ (2024)                              1\n\n                                     Per Curiam\n\n       NOTICE: This opinion is subject to formal revision before publication in the\n       United States Reports. Readers are requested to notify the Reporter of\n       Decisions, Supreme Court of the United States, Washington, D. C. 20543,\n       pio@supremecourt.gov, of any typographical or other formal errors.\n\n\nSUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES\n          ",
              "excerpt": "(Slip Opinion) Cite as: 601 U. S. ____ (2024) 1\n\n Per Curiam\n\n NOTICE: This opinion is subject to formal revision before publication in the\n United States Reports. Readers are requested to notify the Reporter of\n Decisions, Supreme Court of the United States, Washington, D. C. 20543,\n pio@supremecourt.gov, of any typographical or other formal errors.\n\nSUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES\n _________________\n\n No. 23\u2013719\n _________________\n\n DONALD J. TRUMP, PETITIONER v.\n NORMA ANDERSON, ET AL.\n ON WRIT OF CERTIORARI TO THE SUPREME COURT\n OF COLORADO\n [March 4, 2024]\n\n PER CURIAM.\n A group of Colorado voters contends that Section 3 of the\nFourteenth Amendment to the Constitution prohibits for-\nmer President Donald J. Trump, who seeks the Presidential\nnomination of the Republican Party in this year\u2019s election,\nfrom becoming President again. The Colorado Supreme\nCourt agreed with that contention. It ordered the Colorado\nsecretary of state to exclude the former President from the\nRepublican primary ballot in the State and to disregard any\nwrite-in votes that Colorado voters might cast for him.\n Former President Trump challenges that decision on sev-\neral grounds. Because the Constitution\u2026",
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              "snippet": "                   PRELIMINARY PRINT\n\n             Volume 601 U. S. Part 1\n                             Pages 100\u2013123\n\n\n\n\n       OFFICIAL REPORTS\n                                    OF\n\n\n   THE SUPREME COURT\n                               March 4, 2024\n\n\nPage Proof Pending Publication\n\n\n                   REBECCA A. WOMELDORF\n                           reporter of decisions\n\n\n\n\n    NOTICE: This preliminary print is subject to formal revision before\n  the bound volume is published. Users are requ",
              "excerpt": "PRELIMINARY PRINT\n\n Volume 601 U. S. Part 1\n Pages 100\u2013123\n\n OFFICIAL REPORTS\n OF\n\n THE SUPREME COURT\n March 4, 2024\n\nPage Proof Pending Publication\n\n REBECCA A. WOMELDORF\n reporter of decisions\n\n NOTICE: This preliminary print is subject to formal revision before\n the bound volume is published. Users are requested to notify the Reporter\n of Decisions, Supreme Court of the United States, Washington, D.C. 20543,\n pio@supremecourt.gov, of any typographical or other formal errors.\n\f100 OCTOBER TERM, 2023\n\n Syllabus\n\n TRUMP v. ANDERSON et al.\n certiorari to the supreme court of colorado\n No. 23\u2013719. Argued February 8, 2024\u2014Decided March 4, 2024\nSix Colorado voters (respondents here) fled a petition in Colorado state\n court against former President Donald J. Trump and Colorado Secretary\n of State Jena Griswold, contending that Section 3 of the Fourteenth\n Amendment to the Constitution prohibits former President Trump, who\n seeks the Presidential nomination of the Republican Party in this year's\n election, from becoming President again. Section 3 provides:\n \u201cNo person shall be a Senator or Representative in Congress, or\n elector of President and Vice President, or hold any offce, civil o\u2026",
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              "snippet": "(Slip Opinion)            Cite as: 601 U. S. ____ (2024)                              1\n\n                                     Per Curiam\n\n       NOTICE: This opinion is subject to formal revision before publication in the\n       United States Reports. Readers are requested to notify the Reporter of\n       Decisions, Supreme Court of the United States, Washington, D. C. 20543,\n       pio@supremecourt.gov, of any typographical or other formal errors.\n\n\nSUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES\n          ",
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              "snippet": "(Slip Opinion)              OCTOBER TERM, 2023                                       1\n\n                                       Syllabus\n\n         NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is\n       being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued.\n       The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been\n       prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader.\n       See United States v. Detroit ",
              "excerpt": "(Slip Opinion) OCTOBER TERM, 2023 1\n\n Syllabus\n\n NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is\n being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued.\n The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been\n prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader.\n See United States v. Detroit Timber & Lumber Co., 200 U. S. 321, 337 .\n\nSUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES\n\n Syllabus\n\n TRUMP v. UNITED STATES\n\nCERTIORARI TO THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR\n THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA CIRCUIT\n\n No. 23\u2013939. Argued April 25, 2024\u2014Decided July 1, 2024\n\nA federal grand jury indicted former President Donald J. Trump on four\n counts for conduct that occurred during his Presidency following the\n November 2020 election. The indictment alleged that after losing that\n election, Trump conspired to overturn it by spreading knowingly false\n claims of election fraud to obstruct the collecting, counting, and certi-\n fying of the election results. Trump moved to dismiss the indictment\n based on Presidential immunity, arguing that a President has absolute\n immunity from criminal prosecution for actions performed with\u2026",
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              "snippet": "                   PRELIMINARY PRINT\n\n             Volume 603 U. S. Part 1\n                             Pages 593\u2013706\n\n\n\n\n       OFFICIAL REPORTS\n                                    OF\n\n\n   THE SUPREME COURT\n                                July 1, 2024\n\n\nPage Proof Pending Publication\n\n\n                   REBECCA A. WOMELDORF\n                           reporter of decisions\n\n\n\n\n    NOTICE: This preliminary print is subject to formal revision before\n  the bound volume is published. Users are requ",
              "excerpt": "PRELIMINARY PRINT\n\n Volume 603 U. S. Part 1\n Pages 593\u2013706\n\n OFFICIAL REPORTS\n OF\n\n THE SUPREME COURT\n July 1, 2024\n\nPage Proof Pending Publication\n\n REBECCA A. WOMELDORF\n reporter of decisions\n\n NOTICE: This preliminary print is subject to formal revision before\n the bound volume is published. Users are requested to notify the Reporter\n of Decisions, Supreme Court of the United States, Washington, D.C. 20543,\n pio@supremecourt.gov, of any typographical or other formal errors.\n\f OCTOBER TERM, 2023 593\n\n Syllabus\n\n TRUMP v. UNITED STATES\n\ncertiorari to the united states court of appeals for\n the district of columbia circuit\n No. 23\u2013939. Argued April 25, 2024\u2014Decided July 1, 2024\nA federal grand jury indicted former President Donald J. Trump on four\n counts for conduct that occurred during his Presidency following the\n November 2020 election. The indictment alleged that after losing that\n election, Trump conspired to overturn it by spreading knowingly false\n claims of election fraud to obstruct the collecting, counting, and certify-\n ing of the election results. Trump moved to dismiss the indictment\n based on Presidential immunity, arguing that a President has absolute\n immunity from\u2026",
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      "syllabus": "FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION et al. v. CONSUMERS' RESEARCH et al. certiorari to the united states court of appeals for the \ue405fth circuit No. 24\u2013354. Argued March 26, 2025\u2014Decided June 27, 2025* The Communications Act of 1934 established the Federal Communications Commission (FCC or Commission) and instructed it to make available to \u201call the people of the United States\u201d reliable communications services \u201cat reasonable charges.\u201d 47 U. S. C. \u00a7 151. That objective is today known as \u201cuniversal service.\u201d The universal-service project arose from the concern that pure market mechanisms would leave some population segments\u2014such as the poor and those in rural areas\u2014without access to needed communications services. Under the 1934 Act, the FCC pur- sued universal service primarily through implicit subsidies, using its rate-regulation authority to lower costs for some consumers at the ex- pense of others. In 1996, Congress amended the Act and created a new framework for achieving universal service. Section 254 of the amended statute re- quires every carrier providing interstate telecommunications services to \u201ccontribute\u201d to a fund, known as the Universal Service Fund. See \u00a7 254(d). The FCC must use the money in the Fund to pay for universal-service subsidy programs. See \u00a7\u00a7 254(a), (d), (e). The stat- ute designates the benefciaries of universal-service subsidies\u2014low- income consumers, those in rural areas, schools and libraries, and rural hospitals. \u00a7\u00a7 254(b)(3), (h)(1), (j). And it provides detailed guidance regarding the communications services to which those benefciaries should have access. In deciding what services to subsidize, the FCC \u201cshall consider the extent to which\u201d a service is \u201cessential to education, public health, or public safety\u201d and has \u201cbeen subscribed to by a sub- stantial majority of residential customers.\u201d \u00a7\u00a7 254(c)(1)(A)\u2013(B). So too, the Commission must evaluate whether a service can be made avail- able at an \u201caffordable rate[ ].\u201d \u00a7 254(b)(1). Section 254 also sets forth \u201cprinciples\u201d on which the FCC \u201cshall base\u201d its universal-service policies. \u00a7 254(b). Among other things, those principles direct that all consum- ers, \u201cincluding low-income consumers\u201d and those in \u201crural\u201d areas, should *Together with No. 24\u2013422, Schools, Health, & Libraries Broadband Coalition et al. v. Consumers' Research et al., also on certiorari to the same court. Page Proof Pending Publication Page Proof Pending Publication Cite as: 606 U. S. 656 (2025) 657 Syllabus have\u2026",
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              "snippet": "                   PRELIMINARY PRINT\n\n              Volume 606 U. S. Part 2\n                             Pages 656\u2013747\n\n\n\n\n       OFFICIAL REPORTS\n                                     OF\n\n\n   THE SUPREME COURT\n                                June 27, 2025\n\n\nPage Proof Pending Publication\n\n\n                    REBECCA A. WOMELDORF\n                           reporter of decisions\n\n\n\n\n    NOTICE: This preliminary print is subject to formal revision before\n  the bound volume is published. Users are ",
              "excerpt": "PRELIMINARY PRINT\n\n Volume 606 U. S. Part 2\n Pages 656\u2013747\n\n OFFICIAL REPORTS\n OF\n\n THE SUPREME COURT\n June 27, 2025\n\nPage Proof Pending Publication\n\n REBECCA A. WOMELDORF\n reporter of decisions\n\n NOTICE: This preliminary print is subject to formal revision before\n the bound volume is published. Users are requested to notify the Reporter\n of Decisions, Supreme Court of the United States, Washington, D. C. 20543,\n pio@supremecourt.gov, of any typographical or other formal errors.\n\f656 OCTOBER TERM, 2024\n\n Syllabus\n\nFEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION et al.\n v. CONSUMERS' RESEARCH et al.\ncertiorari to the united states court of appeals for\n the \ue405fth circuit\n No. 24\u2013354. Argued March 26, 2025\u2014Decided June 27, 2025*\nThe Communications Act of 1934 established the Federal Communications\n Commission (FCC or Commission) and instructed it to make available\n to \u201call the people of the United States\u201d reliable communications services\n \u201cat reasonable charges.\u201d 47 U. S. C. \u00a7 151 . That objective is today\n known as \u201cuniversal service.\u201d The universal-service project arose from\n the concern that pure market mechanisms would leave some population\n segments\u2014such as the poor and those in rural areas\u2014wit\u2026",
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              "snippet": "(Slip Opinion)              OCTOBER TERM, 2024                                       1\n\n                                       Syllabus\n\n         NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is\n       being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued.\n       The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been\n       prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader.\n       See United States v. Detroit ",
              "excerpt": "(Slip Opinion) OCTOBER TERM, 2024 1\n\n Syllabus\n\n NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is\n being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued.\n The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been\n prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader.\n See United States v. Detroit Timber & Lumber Co., 200 U. S. 321, 337 .\n\nSUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES\n\n Syllabus\n\nFEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION ET AL. v.\n CONSUMERS\u2019 RESEARCH ET AL.\n\nCERTIORARI TO THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR\n THE FIFTH CIRCUIT\n\n No. 24\u2013354. Argued March 26, 2025\u2014Decided June 27, 2025*\nThe Communications Act of 1934 established the Federal Communica-\n tions Commission (FCC or Commission) and instructed it to make\n available to \u201call the people of the United States,\u201d reliable communica-\n tions services \u201cat reasonable charges.\u201d 47 U. S. C. \u00a7151 . That objective\n is today known as \u201cuniversal service.\u201d The universal-service project\n arose from the concern that pure market mechanisms would leave\n some population segments\u2014such as the poor and those in rural ar-\n eas\u2014without access to needed communications serv\u2026",
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          "caseSlug": "cummings-v-premier-rehab",
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          "caseSlug": "garland-att-y-gen-v-gonzalez",
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          "caseSlug": "gallardo-v-marstiller",
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          "caseSlug": "shinn-v-ramirez",
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          "caseSlug": "cameron-v-emw-women-s-surgical-center",
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        {
          "caseSlug": "thompson-v-clark",
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        {
          "caseSlug": "united-states-v-zubaydah",
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        {
          "caseSlug": "hemphill-v-new-york",
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        {
          "caseSlug": "brown-v-davenport",
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          "role": "panel",
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          "caseSlug": "wooden-v-united-states",
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          "role": "panel",
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        {
          "caseSlug": "mcdonnell-v-united-states",
          "caseLabel": "McDonnell v. United States",
          "docketNumber": "15-474",
          "role": "panel",
          "dateFiled": "2016-04-27"
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        {
          "caseSlug": "dietz-v-bouldin",
          "caseLabel": "Dietz v. Bouldin",
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          "role": "panel",
          "dateFiled": "2016-04-26"
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        {
          "caseSlug": "mathis-v-united-states",
          "caseLabel": "Mathis v. United States",
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          "role": "panel",
          "dateFiled": "2016-04-26"
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        {
          "caseSlug": "supap-kirtsaeng-v-john-wiley-sons-inc",
          "caseLabel": "Supap Kirtsaeng v. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.",
          "docketNumber": "15-375",
          "role": "panel",
          "dateFiled": "2016-04-25"
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        {
          "caseSlug": "cuozzo-speed-technologies-llc-v-lee",
          "caseLabel": "Cuozzo Speed Technologies, LLC v. Lee",
          "docketNumber": "15-446",
          "role": "panel",
          "dateFiled": "2016-04-25"
        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "birchfield-v-north-dakota",
          "caseLabel": "Birchfield v. North Dakota",
          "docketNumber": "14-1468",
          "role": "panel",
          "dateFiled": "2016-04-20"
        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "encino-motorcars-llc-v-navarro",
          "caseLabel": "Encino Motorcars, LLC v. Navarro",
          "docketNumber": "15-415",
          "role": "panel",
          "dateFiled": "2016-04-20"
        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "united-states-v-bryant",
          "caseLabel": "United States v. Bryant",
          "docketNumber": "15-420",
          "role": "panel",
          "dateFiled": "2016-04-19"
        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "army-corps-of-engineers-v-hawkes-co",
          "caseLabel": "Army Corps of Engineers v. Hawkes Co.",
          "docketNumber": "15-290",
          "role": "panel",
          "dateFiled": "2016-03-30"
        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "sheriff-v-gillie",
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          "role": "panel",
          "dateFiled": "2016-03-29"
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        {
          "caseSlug": "ross-v-blake",
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          "role": "panel",
          "dateFiled": "2016-03-29"
        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "crst-van-expedited-inc-v-eeoc",
          "caseLabel": "CRST Van Expedited, Inc. v. EEOC",
          "docketNumber": "14-1375",
          "role": "panel",
          "dateFiled": "2016-03-28"
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        {
          "caseSlug": "betterman-v-montana",
          "caseLabel": "Betterman v. Montana",
          "docketNumber": "14-1457",
          "role": "panel",
          "dateFiled": "2016-03-28"
        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "zubik-v-burwell",
          "caseLabel": "Zubik v. Burwell",
          "docketNumber": "14-1418",
          "role": "panel",
          "dateFiled": "2016-03-23"
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        {
          "caseSlug": "simmons-v-himmelreich",
          "caseLabel": "Simmons v. Himmelreich",
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          "role": "panel",
          "dateFiled": "2016-03-22"
        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "puerto-rico-v-franklin-cal-tax-free-trust",
          "caseLabel": "Puerto Rico v. Franklin Cal. Tax-Free Trust",
          "docketNumber": "15-233",
          "role": "panel",
          "dateFiled": "2016-03-22"
        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "wittman-v-personhuballah",
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        {
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        },
        {
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        },
        {
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "husky-int-l-electronics-inc-v-ritz",
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        },
        {
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        {
          "caseSlug": "voisine-v-united-states",
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        {
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        {
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        {
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        {
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        {
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        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "ysleta-del-sur-pueblo-v-texas",
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        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "denezpi-v-united-states",
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          "role": "panel",
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        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "concepcion-v-united-states",
          "caseLabel": "Concepcion v. United States",
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          "dateFiled": "2022-01-19"
        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "federal-election-commission-v-ted-cruz-for-senate",
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          "dateFiled": "2022-01-19"
        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "cassirer-v-thyssen-bornemisza-collection",
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        {
          "caseSlug": "shurtleff-v-boston",
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          "dateFiled": "2022-01-18"
        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "boechler-p-c-v-commissioner-of-internal-revenue",
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          "role": "panel",
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        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "johnson-v-arteaga-martinez",
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        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "garland-att-y-gen-v-gonzalez",
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        {
          "caseSlug": "gallardo-v-marstiller",
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        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "shinn-v-ramirez",
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          "role": "panel",
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        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "carson-v-makin",
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        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "united-states-v-taylor",
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        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "hughes-v-northwestern-university",
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        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "patel-v-garland-att-y-gen",
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        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "dobbs-v-jackson",
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        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "american-hospital-assn-v-becerra",
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        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "cummings-v-premier-rehab",
          "caseLabel": "Cummings v. Premier Rehab",
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          "role": "panel",
          "dateFiled": "2021-11-30"
        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "becerra-v-empire-health-foundation",
          "caseLabel": "Becerra v. Empire Health Foundation",
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          "dateFiled": "2021-11-29"
        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "austin-v-reagan-national-advertising",
          "caseLabel": "Austin v. Reagan National Advertising",
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          "role": "panel",
          "dateFiled": "2021-11-10"
        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "united-states-v-vaello-madero",
          "caseLabel": "United States v. Vaello-Madero",
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          "role": "panel",
          "dateFiled": "2021-11-09"
        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "fbi-v-fazaga",
          "caseLabel": "FBI v. Fazaga",
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          "role": "panel",
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        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "unicolors-inc-v-h-m-hennes-mauritz-l-p",
          "caseLabel": "Unicolors, Inc. v. H&M Hennes & Mauritz, L.P.",
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          "role": "panel",
          "dateFiled": "2021-11-08"
        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "nysrpa-v-bruen",
          "caseLabel": "New York State Rifle & Pistol Association v. Bruen",
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          "role": "panel",
          "dateFiled": "2021-11-03"
        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "badgerow-v-walters",
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          "role": "panel",
          "dateFiled": "2021-11-02"
        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "houston-community-college-sys-v-wilson",
          "caseLabel": "Houston Community College Sys. v. Wilson",
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          "role": "panel",
          "dateFiled": "2021-11-02"
        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "united-states-v-tsarnaev",
          "caseLabel": "United States v. Tsarnaev",
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          "dateFiled": "2021-10-13"
        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "babcock-v-kijakazi",
          "caseLabel": "Babcock v. Kijakazi",
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          "role": "panel",
          "dateFiled": "2021-10-13"
        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "cameron-v-emw-women-s-surgical-center",
          "caseLabel": "Cameron v. EMW Women's Surgical Center",
          "docketNumber": "20-601",
          "role": "panel",
          "dateFiled": "2021-10-12"
        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "thompson-v-clark",
          "caseLabel": "Thompson v. Clark",
          "docketNumber": "20-659",
          "role": "panel",
          "dateFiled": "2021-10-12"
        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "united-states-v-zubaydah",
          "caseLabel": "United States v. Zubaydah",
          "docketNumber": "20-827",
          "role": "panel",
          "dateFiled": "2021-10-06"
        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "hemphill-v-new-york",
          "caseLabel": "Hemphill v. New York",
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          "role": "panel",
          "dateFiled": "2021-10-05"
        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "brown-v-davenport",
          "caseLabel": "Brown v. Davenport",
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          "role": "panel",
          "dateFiled": "2021-10-05"
        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "wooden-v-united-states",
          "caseLabel": "Wooden v. United States",
          "docketNumber": "20-5279",
          "role": "panel",
          "dateFiled": "2021-10-04"
        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "mcdonnell-v-united-states",
          "caseLabel": "McDonnell v. United States",
          "docketNumber": "15-474",
          "role": "panel",
          "dateFiled": "2016-04-27"
        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "dietz-v-bouldin",
          "caseLabel": "Dietz v. Bouldin",
          "docketNumber": "15-458",
          "role": "panel",
          "dateFiled": "2016-04-26"
        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "mathis-v-united-states",
          "caseLabel": "Mathis v. United States",
          "docketNumber": "15-6092",
          "role": "panel",
          "dateFiled": "2016-04-26"
        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "supap-kirtsaeng-v-john-wiley-sons-inc",
          "caseLabel": "Supap Kirtsaeng v. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.",
          "docketNumber": "15-375",
          "role": "panel",
          "dateFiled": "2016-04-25"
        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "cuozzo-speed-technologies-llc-v-lee",
          "caseLabel": "Cuozzo Speed Technologies, LLC v. Lee",
          "docketNumber": "15-446",
          "role": "panel",
          "dateFiled": "2016-04-25"
        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "birchfield-v-north-dakota",
          "caseLabel": "Birchfield v. North Dakota",
          "docketNumber": "14-1468",
          "role": "panel",
          "dateFiled": "2016-04-20"
        },
        {
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        {
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        {
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        {
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        {
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        },
        {
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        {
          "caseSlug": "patel-v-garland-att-y-gen",
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        {
          "caseSlug": "dobbs-v-jackson",
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        {
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        {
          "caseSlug": "cummings-v-premier-rehab",
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        {
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        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "austin-v-reagan-national-advertising",
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        },
        {
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        },
        {
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        {
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        {
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        {
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        {
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        {
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        {
          "caseSlug": "babcock-v-kijakazi",
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        {
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        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "thompson-v-clark",
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        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "united-states-v-zubaydah",
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        },
        {
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        {
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        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "wooden-v-united-states",
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        {
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        {
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        {
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        {
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        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "federal-election-commission-v-ted-cruz-for-senate",
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        {
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        {
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        {
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        {
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        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "united-states-v-taylor",
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        },
        {
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        {
          "caseSlug": "patel-v-garland-att-y-gen",
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        {
          "caseSlug": "dobbs-v-jackson",
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        {
          "caseSlug": "american-hospital-assn-v-becerra",
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        {
          "caseSlug": "cummings-v-premier-rehab",
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        {
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        },
        {
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          "dateFiled": "2021-11-10"
        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "united-states-v-vaello-madero",
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        {
          "caseSlug": "fbi-v-fazaga",
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        {
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        },
        {
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        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "badgerow-v-walters",
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        {
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        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "united-states-v-tsarnaev",
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        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "babcock-v-kijakazi",
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          "dateFiled": "2021-10-13"
        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "cameron-v-emw-women-s-surgical-center",
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          "role": "panel",
          "dateFiled": "2021-10-12"
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        {
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        {
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        {
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        {
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        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "united-states-v-vaello-madero",
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        {
          "caseSlug": "fbi-v-fazaga",
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        },
        {
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        {
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          "role": "panel",
          "dateFiled": "2021-11-03"
        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "badgerow-v-walters",
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        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "houston-community-college-sys-v-wilson",
          "caseLabel": "Houston Community College Sys. v. Wilson",
          "docketNumber": "20-804",
          "role": "panel",
          "dateFiled": "2021-11-02"
        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "united-states-v-tsarnaev",
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        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "babcock-v-kijakazi",
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        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "cameron-v-emw-women-s-surgical-center",
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        },
        {
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        },
        {
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          "dateFiled": "2021-10-06"
        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "hemphill-v-new-york",
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        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "brown-v-davenport",
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        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "wooden-v-united-states",
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          "caseSlug": "fcc-v-consumers-research",
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        },
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        },
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          "caseSlug": "oklahoma-v-castro-huerta",
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        {
          "caseSlug": "american-hospital-assn-v-becerra",
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        },
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        },
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        {
          "caseSlug": "kennedy-v-bremerton-sch-dist",
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        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "nance-v-ward",
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        },
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        },
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        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "berger-v-north-carolina-state-conf-of-naacp",
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        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "morgan-v-sundance-inc",
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        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "egbert-v-boule",
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        },
        {
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        },
        {
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        {
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        {
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        {
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        },
        {
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        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "concepcion-v-united-states",
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          "dateFiled": "2022-01-19"
        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "federal-election-commission-v-ted-cruz-for-senate",
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          "dateFiled": "2022-01-19"
        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "cassirer-v-thyssen-bornemisza-collection",
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        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "shurtleff-v-boston",
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          "dateFiled": "2022-01-18"
        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "boechler-p-c-v-commissioner-of-internal-revenue",
          "caseLabel": "Boechler, P.C. v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue",
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          "role": "panel",
          "dateFiled": "2022-01-12"
        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "johnson-v-arteaga-martinez",
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        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "garland-att-y-gen-v-gonzalez",
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        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "gallardo-v-marstiller",
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          "dateFiled": "2022-01-10"
        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "shinn-v-ramirez",
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          "role": "panel",
          "dateFiled": "2021-12-08"
        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "carson-v-makin",
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        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "united-states-v-taylor",
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          "dateFiled": "2021-12-07"
        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "hughes-v-northwestern-university",
          "caseLabel": "Hughes v. Northwestern University",
          "docketNumber": "19-1401",
          "role": "panel",
          "dateFiled": "2021-12-06"
        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "patel-v-garland-att-y-gen",
          "caseLabel": "Patel v. Garland, Att'y Gen.",
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          "dateFiled": "2021-12-06"
        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "dobbs-v-jackson",
          "caseLabel": "Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization",
          "docketNumber": "19-1392",
          "role": "panel",
          "dateFiled": "2021-12-01"
        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "american-hospital-assn-v-becerra",
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        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "cummings-v-premier-rehab",
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          "dateFiled": "2021-11-30"
        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "becerra-v-empire-health-foundation",
          "caseLabel": "Becerra v. Empire Health Foundation",
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          "role": "panel",
          "dateFiled": "2021-11-29"
        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "austin-v-reagan-national-advertising",
          "caseLabel": "Austin v. Reagan National Advertising",
          "docketNumber": "20-1029",
          "role": "panel",
          "dateFiled": "2021-11-10"
        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "united-states-v-vaello-madero",
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          "role": "panel",
          "dateFiled": "2021-11-09"
        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "fbi-v-fazaga",
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          "role": "panel",
          "dateFiled": "2021-11-08"
        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "unicolors-inc-v-h-m-hennes-mauritz-l-p",
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          "docketNumber": "20-915",
          "role": "panel",
          "dateFiled": "2021-11-08"
        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "nysrpa-v-bruen",
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          "role": "panel",
          "dateFiled": "2021-11-03"
        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "badgerow-v-walters",
          "caseLabel": "Badgerow v. Walters",
          "docketNumber": "20-1143",
          "role": "panel",
          "dateFiled": "2021-11-02"
        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "houston-community-college-sys-v-wilson",
          "caseLabel": "Houston Community College Sys. v. Wilson",
          "docketNumber": "20-804",
          "role": "panel",
          "dateFiled": "2021-11-02"
        },
        {
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        },
        {
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          "dateFiled": "2021-10-13"
        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "cameron-v-emw-women-s-surgical-center",
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          "role": "panel",
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        },
        {
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          "dateFiled": "2021-10-06"
        },
        {
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        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "brown-v-davenport",
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          "dateFiled": "2021-10-05"
        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "wooden-v-united-states",
          "caseLabel": "Wooden v. United States",
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          "role": "panel",
          "dateFiled": "2021-10-04"
        }
      ],
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      "nameLast": "Barrett",
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        {
          "caseSlug": "fcc-v-consumers-research",
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          "role": "panel",
          "dateFiled": "2025-03-26"
        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "trump-v-united-states",
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          "role": "panel",
          "dateFiled": "2024-04-25"
        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "trump-v-anderson",
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          "role": "panel",
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        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "loper-bright-v-raimondo",
          "caseLabel": "Loper Bright Enterprises v. Raimondo",
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          "role": "panel",
          "dateFiled": "2024-01-17"
        },
        {
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        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "cfpb-v-cfsa",
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        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "biden-v-nebraska",
          "caseLabel": "Biden v. Nebraska",
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          "role": "panel",
          "dateFiled": "2023-02-28"
        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "moore-v-harper",
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          "role": "panel",
          "dateFiled": "2022-12-07"
        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "303-creative-v-elenis",
          "caseLabel": "303 Creative LLC v. Elenis",
          "docketNumber": "21-476",
          "role": "panel",
          "dateFiled": "2022-12-05"
        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "george-v-mcdonough",
          "caseLabel": "George v. McDonough",
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          "dateFiled": "2022-06-15"
        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "denezpi-v-united-states",
          "caseLabel": "Denezpi v. United States",
          "docketNumber": "20-7622",
          "role": "author",
          "opinionType": "combined-opinion",
          "dateFiled": "2022-06-13"
        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "zf-automotive-us-inc-v-luxshare-ltd",
          "caseLabel": "ZF Automotive US, Inc. v. Luxshare, Ltd.",
          "docketNumber": "21-401",
          "role": "author",
          "opinionType": "combined-opinion",
          "dateFiled": "2022-06-13"
        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "patel-v-garland-att-y-gen",
          "caseLabel": "Patel v. Garland, Att'y Gen.",
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          "role": "author",
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        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "oklahoma-v-castro-huerta",
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          "docketNumber": "21-429",
          "role": "panel",
          "dateFiled": "2022-04-27"
        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "kennedy-v-bremerton-sch-dist",
          "caseLabel": "Kennedy v. Bremerton Sch. Dist.",
          "docketNumber": "21-418",
          "role": "panel",
          "dateFiled": "2022-04-25"
        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "nance-v-ward",
          "caseLabel": "Nance v. Ward",
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        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "boechler-p-c-v-commissioner-of-internal-revenue",
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          "dateFiled": "2022-04-21"
        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "george-v-mcdonough",
          "caseLabel": "George v. McDonough",
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          "role": "panel",
          "dateFiled": "2022-04-19"
        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "united-states-v-washington",
          "caseLabel": "United States v. Washington",
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          "role": "panel",
          "dateFiled": "2022-04-18"
        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "viking-river-cruises-inc-v-moriana",
          "caseLabel": "Viking River Cruises, Inc. v. Moriana",
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          "dateFiled": "2022-03-30"
        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "torres-v-texas-dept-of-public-safety",
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          "role": "panel",
          "dateFiled": "2022-03-29"
        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "ledure-v-union-pacific-railroad-co",
          "caseLabel": "LeDure v. Union Pacific Railroad Co.",
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          "role": "panel",
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        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "southwest-airlines-co-v-saxon",
          "caseLabel": "Southwest Airlines Co. v. Saxon",
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          "role": "panel",
          "dateFiled": "2022-03-28"
        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "zf-automotive-us-inc-v-luxshare-ltd",
          "caseLabel": "ZF Automotive US, Inc. v. Luxshare, Ltd.",
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          "role": "panel",
          "dateFiled": "2022-03-23"
        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "golan-v-saada",
          "caseLabel": "Golan v. Saada",
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          "role": "panel",
          "dateFiled": "2022-03-22"
        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "berger-v-north-carolina-state-conf-of-naacp",
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          "role": "panel",
          "dateFiled": "2022-03-21"
        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "morgan-v-sundance-inc",
          "caseLabel": "Morgan v. Sundance, Inc.",
          "docketNumber": "21-328",
          "role": "panel",
          "dateFiled": "2022-03-21"
        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "egbert-v-boule",
          "caseLabel": "Egbert v. Boule",
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          "role": "panel",
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        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "ruan-v-united-states",
          "caseLabel": "Ruan v. United States",
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        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "marietta-memorial-hosp-v-davita-inc",
          "caseLabel": "Marietta Memorial Hosp. v. Davita Inc.",
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        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "west-virginia-v-epa",
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        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "arizona-v-san-francisco",
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        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "ysleta-del-sur-pueblo-v-texas",
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        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "denezpi-v-united-states",
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        {
          "caseSlug": "concepcion-v-united-states",
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          "dateFiled": "2022-01-19"
        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "federal-election-commission-v-ted-cruz-for-senate",
          "caseLabel": "Federal Election Commission v. Ted Cruz for Senate",
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          "role": "panel",
          "dateFiled": "2022-01-19"
        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "cassirer-v-thyssen-bornemisza-collection",
          "caseLabel": "Cassirer v. Thyssen-Bornemisza Collection",
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          "role": "panel",
          "dateFiled": "2022-01-18"
        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "shurtleff-v-boston",
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          "docketNumber": "20-1800",
          "role": "panel",
          "dateFiled": "2022-01-18"
        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "babcock-v-kijakazi",
          "caseLabel": "Babcock v. Kijakazi",
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          "role": "author",
          "opinionType": "combined-opinion",
          "dateFiled": "2022-01-13"
        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "boechler-p-c-v-commissioner-of-internal-revenue",
          "caseLabel": "Boechler, P.C. v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue",
          "docketNumber": "20-1472",
          "role": "panel",
          "dateFiled": "2022-01-12"
        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "johnson-v-arteaga-martinez",
          "caseLabel": "Johnson v. Arteaga-Martinez",
          "docketNumber": "19-896",
          "role": "panel",
          "dateFiled": "2022-01-11"
        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "garland-att-y-gen-v-gonzalez",
          "caseLabel": "Garland, Att'y Gen. v. Gonzalez",
          "docketNumber": "20-322",
          "role": "panel",
          "dateFiled": "2022-01-11"
        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "gallardo-v-marstiller",
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          "role": "panel",
          "dateFiled": "2022-01-10"
        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "shinn-v-ramirez",
          "caseLabel": "Shinn v. Ramirez",
          "docketNumber": "20-1009",
          "role": "panel",
          "dateFiled": "2021-12-08"
        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "carson-v-makin",
          "caseLabel": "Carson v. Makin",
          "docketNumber": "20-1088",
          "role": "panel",
          "dateFiled": "2021-12-08"
        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "united-states-v-taylor",
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          "docketNumber": "20-1459",
          "role": "panel",
          "dateFiled": "2021-12-07"
        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "hughes-v-northwestern-university",
          "caseLabel": "Hughes v. Northwestern University",
          "docketNumber": "19-1401",
          "role": "panel",
          "dateFiled": "2021-12-06"
        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "patel-v-garland-att-y-gen",
          "caseLabel": "Patel v. Garland, Att'y Gen.",
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          "role": "panel",
          "dateFiled": "2021-12-06"
        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "dobbs-v-jackson",
          "caseLabel": "Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization",
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          "dateFiled": "2021-12-01"
        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "american-hospital-assn-v-becerra",
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          "role": "panel",
          "dateFiled": "2021-11-30"
        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "cummings-v-premier-rehab",
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          "dateFiled": "2021-11-30"
        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "becerra-v-empire-health-foundation",
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          "role": "panel",
          "dateFiled": "2021-11-29"
        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "austin-v-reagan-national-advertising",
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          "dateFiled": "2021-11-10"
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        {
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          "dateFiled": "2021-11-09"
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        {
          "caseSlug": "fbi-v-fazaga",
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        {
          "caseSlug": "unicolors-inc-v-h-m-hennes-mauritz-l-p",
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          "dateFiled": "2021-11-08"
        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "nysrpa-v-bruen",
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        {
          "caseSlug": "badgerow-v-walters",
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        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "houston-community-college-sys-v-wilson",
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        },
        {
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        },
        {
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        {
          "caseSlug": "cameron-v-emw-women-s-surgical-center",
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        {
          "caseSlug": "thompson-v-clark",
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          "dateFiled": "2021-10-12"
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        {
          "caseSlug": "united-states-v-zubaydah",
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        {
          "caseSlug": "hemphill-v-new-york",
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        {
          "caseSlug": "brown-v-davenport",
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        {
          "caseSlug": "wooden-v-united-states",
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      "name": "Ketanji Brown Jackson",
      "nameFirst": "Ketanji",
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          "caseSlug": "fcc-v-consumers-research",
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        {
          "caseSlug": "trump-v-united-states",
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        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "trump-v-anderson",
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        {
          "caseSlug": "loper-bright-v-raimondo",
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        {
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        {
          "caseSlug": "biden-v-nebraska",
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        {
          "caseSlug": "moore-v-harper",
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        },
        {
          "caseSlug": "303-creative-v-elenis",
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}
