{ "meta": { "source": "The Ledger Desk watchlist + U.S. presidency catalog", "sourceUrl": "https://www.federalregister.gov/", "watchlistPath": "data/desk-watchlist.json", "inventoryPath": "data/desk-actions-inventory.json", "fetchedAt": "2026-08-07T16:57:18Z", "builtAt": "2026-08-07T16:57:18Z", "sectionName": "The Desk", "sectionHref": "/desk", "coverageMode": "inventory", "featuredCount": 20, "inventoryCount": 8495, "notes": [ "Presidencies are the historical shelf for Desk records.", "Featured actions are an editorial Start-here overlay.", "FR PRESDOCU inventory (when present) lives in data/desk-actions-inventory.json.", "Non-consecutive terms (Cleveland, Trump) appear as separate ordinals.", "Headshots archived from Wikipedia page images when available (public/desk/portraits).", "Bio fields merge unitedstates/congress-legislators executive.json (bioguide.congress.gov when present).", "NARA library links curated from archives.gov/presidential-libraries.", "Federal Register PRESDOCU browse links cover modern administrations only." ] }, "presidencies": [ { "id": "washington-1", "slug": "washington-1", "ordinal": 1, "name": "George Washington", "party": "Unaffiliated", "termStart": "1789-04-30", "href": "/desk/presidencies/washington-1", "termEnd": "1797-03-04", "portraitUrl": "/desk/portraits/washington-1.jpg", "birthday": "1732-02-22", "nameLast": "Washington", "bioguideId": "W000178", "vicePresidents": [ { "name": "John Adams", "termStart": "1789-04-21", "termEnd": "1797-03-04" } ] }, { "id": "adams-2", "slug": "adams-2", "ordinal": 2, "name": "John Adams", "party": "Federalist", "termStart": "1797-03-04", "href": "/desk/presidencies/adams-2", "termEnd": "1801-03-04", "portraitUrl": "/desk/portraits/adams-2.jpg", "birthday": "1735-10-19", "nameLast": "Adams", "bioguideId": "A000039", "vicePresidents": [ { "name": "Thomas Jefferson", "termStart": "1797-03-04", "termEnd": "1801-03-04" } ] }, { "id": "jefferson-3", "slug": "jefferson-3", "ordinal": 3, "name": "Thomas Jefferson", "party": "Democratic-Republican", "termStart": "1801-03-04", "href": "/desk/presidencies/jefferson-3", "termEnd": "1809-03-04", "portraitUrl": "/desk/portraits/jefferson-3.jpg", "birthday": "1743-04-13", "nameLast": "Jefferson", "bioguideId": "J000069", "vicePresidents": [ { "name": "Aaron Burr Jr.", "termStart": "1801-03-04", "termEnd": "1805-03-04" }, { "name": "George Clinton", "termStart": "1805-03-04", "termEnd": "1809-03-04" } ] }, { "id": "madison-4", "slug": "madison-4", "ordinal": 4, "name": "James Madison", "party": "Democratic-Republican", "termStart": "1809-03-04", "href": "/desk/presidencies/madison-4", "termEnd": "1817-03-04", "portraitUrl": "/desk/portraits/madison-4.jpg", "birthday": "1751-03-16", "nameLast": "Madison", "bioguideId": "M000043", "vicePresidents": [ { "name": "George Clinton", "termStart": "1809-03-04", "termEnd": "1812-04-20" }, { "name": "Elbridge Gerry", "termStart": "1813-03-04", "termEnd": "1814-11-23" } ] }, { "id": "monroe-5", "slug": "monroe-5", "ordinal": 5, "name": "James Monroe", "party": "Democratic-Republican", "termStart": "1817-03-04", "href": "/desk/presidencies/monroe-5", "termEnd": "1825-03-04", "portraitUrl": "/desk/portraits/monroe-5.jpg", "birthday": "1758-04-28", "nameLast": "Monroe", "bioguideId": "M000858", "vicePresidents": [ { "name": "Daniel D. 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Clinton Presidential Library", "federalRegisterUrl": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/search?conditions%5Btype%5D%5B%5D=PRESDOCU&conditions%5Bpresident%5D%5B%5D=william-j-clinton&order=newest&conditions%5Bpublication_date%5D%5Bgte%5D=1993-01-20&conditions%5Bpublication_date%5D%5Blte%5D=2001-01-20" }, { "id": "bush-43", "slug": "bush-43", "ordinal": 43, "name": "George W. Bush", "party": "Republican", "termStart": "2001-01-20", "href": "/desk/presidencies/bush-43", "termEnd": "2009-01-20", "portraitUrl": "/desk/portraits/bush-43.jpg", "birthday": "1946-07-06", "nameLast": "Bush", "vicePresidents": [ { "name": "Richard \"Dick\" Cheney", "termStart": "2001-01-20", "termEnd": "2009-01-20" } ], "naraLibraryUrl": "https://www.georgewbushlibrary.gov/", "naraLibraryLabel": "George W. Bush Presidential Library", "federalRegisterUrl": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/search?conditions%5Btype%5D%5B%5D=PRESDOCU&conditions%5Bpresident%5D%5B%5D=george-w-bush&order=newest&conditions%5Bpublication_date%5D%5Bgte%5D=2001-01-20&conditions%5Bpublication_date%5D%5Blte%5D=2009-01-20" }, { "id": "obama-44", "slug": "obama-44", "ordinal": 44, "name": "Barack Obama", "party": "Democratic", "termStart": "2009-01-20", "href": "/desk/presidencies/obama-44", "termEnd": "2017-01-20", "portraitUrl": "/desk/portraits/obama-44.jpg", "birthday": "1961-08-04", "nameLast": "Obama", "bioguideId": "O000167", "vicePresidents": [ { "name": "Joseph \"Joe\" Biden", "termStart": "2009-01-20", "termEnd": "2017-01-20" } ], "naraLibraryUrl": "https://www.obamalibrary.gov/", "naraLibraryLabel": "Barack Obama Presidential Library", "federalRegisterUrl": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/search?conditions%5Btype%5D%5B%5D=PRESDOCU&conditions%5Bpresident%5D%5B%5D=barack-obama&order=newest&conditions%5Bpublication_date%5D%5Bgte%5D=2009-01-20&conditions%5Bpublication_date%5D%5Blte%5D=2017-01-20" }, { "id": "trump-45", "slug": "trump-45", "ordinal": 45, "name": "Donald J. Trump", "party": "Republican", "termStart": "2017-01-20", "href": "/desk/presidencies/trump-45", "termEnd": "2021-01-20", "portraitUrl": "/desk/portraits/trump-45.jpg", "birthday": "1946-06-14", "nameLast": "Trump", "fecIds": [ "P80001571" ], "vicePresidents": [ { "name": "Mike Pence", "termStart": "2017-01-20", "termEnd": "2021-01-20" } ], "federalRegisterUrl": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/search?conditions%5Btype%5D%5B%5D=PRESDOCU&conditions%5Bpresident%5D%5B%5D=donald-trump&order=newest&conditions%5Bpublication_date%5D%5Bgte%5D=2017-01-20&conditions%5Bpublication_date%5D%5Blte%5D=2021-01-20" }, { "id": "biden-46", "slug": "biden-46", "ordinal": 46, "name": "Joe Biden", "party": "Democratic", "termStart": "2021-01-20", "href": "/desk/presidencies/biden-46", "termEnd": "2025-01-20", "portraitUrl": "/desk/portraits/biden-46.jpg", "birthday": "1942-11-20", "nameLast": "Biden", "bioguideId": "B000444", "fecIds": [ "S8DE00012" ], "vicePresidents": [ { "name": "Kamala D. Harris", "termStart": "2021-01-20", "termEnd": "2025-01-20" } ], "federalRegisterUrl": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/search?conditions%5Btype%5D%5B%5D=PRESDOCU&conditions%5Bpresident%5D%5B%5D=joe-biden&order=newest&conditions%5Bpublication_date%5D%5Bgte%5D=2021-01-20&conditions%5Bpublication_date%5D%5Blte%5D=2025-01-20" }, { "id": "trump-47", "slug": "trump-47", "ordinal": 47, "name": "Donald J. Trump", "party": "Republican", "termStart": "2025-01-20", "href": "/desk/presidencies/trump-47", "portraitUrl": "/desk/portraits/trump-47.jpg", "birthday": "1946-06-14", "nameLast": "Trump", "fecIds": [ "P80001571" ], "vicePresidents": [ { "name": "James David \"J.D.\" Vance", "termStart": "2025-01-20", "termEnd": "2029-01-20" } ], "federalRegisterUrl": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/search?conditions%5Btype%5D%5B%5D=PRESDOCU&conditions%5Bpresident%5D%5B%5D=donald-trump&order=newest&conditions%5Bpublication_date%5D%5Bgte%5D=2025-01-20" } ], "actions": [ { "id": "memo-regulatory-freeze-2025", "slug": "memo-regulatory-freeze-pending-review-2025", "label": "Regulatory Freeze Pending Review", "kind": "memorandum", "presidencySlug": "trump-47", "topicTags": [ "regulation", "transition", "omb" ], "whyTracked": "Standard new-administration regulatory freeze memo; pairs with day-one rescissions.", "featured": true, "detailLevel": "full", "href": "/desk/actions/memo-regulatory-freeze-pending-review-2025", "signedDate": "2025-01-20", "summary": "Directed agencies to freeze pending rules and withdraw unpublished proposals pending presidential appointee review.", "whiteHouseUrl": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/2025/01/regulatory-freeze-pending-review/" }, { "id": "eo-14168", "slug": "eo-14168-defending-women", "label": "Executive Order 14168", "kind": "executive-order", "presidencySlug": "trump-47", "topicTags": [ "agency", "civil-rights", "transition" ], "whyTracked": "Day-one second-term sex and gender definitions order spanning federal agencies and records.", "featured": true, "detailLevel": "full", "href": "/desk/actions/eo-14168-defending-women", "documentNumber": "14168", "signedDate": "2025-01-20", "summary": "Directed agencies to recognize sex as binary biological classification in federal policy and records.", "federalRegisterUrl": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/01/30/2025-02090/defending-women-from-gender-ideology-extremism-and-restoring-biological-truth-to-the-federal" }, { "id": "eo-14148", "slug": "eo-14148-initial-rescissions", "label": "Executive Order 14148", "kind": "executive-order", "presidencySlug": "trump-47", "topicTags": [ "agency", "rescission", "transition" ], "whyTracked": "Day-one second-term rescissions order; shows how Desk archives track consecutive non-consecutive presidencies.", "featured": true, "detailLevel": "full", "href": "/desk/actions/eo-14148-initial-rescissions", "documentNumber": "14148", "signedDate": "2025-01-20", "summary": "Revoked a slate of Biden-era executive orders and presidential memoranda on the first day of the second Trump term.", "federalRegisterUrl": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/01/28/2025-01901/initial-rescissions-of-harmful-executive-orders-and-actions" }, { "id": "eo-14110", "slug": "eo-14110-safe-secure-ai", "label": "Executive Order 14110", "kind": "executive-order", "presidencySlug": "biden-46", "topicTags": [ "technology", "ai", "agency" ], "whyTracked": "Comprehensive federal AI safety and security order spanning agencies and reporting duties.", "featured": true, "detailLevel": "full", "href": "/desk/actions/eo-14110-safe-secure-ai", "documentNumber": "14110", "signedDate": "2023-10-30", "summary": "Directed agencies to set AI safety standards, reporting for frontier models, and equity and privacy guardrails.", "federalRegisterUrl": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2023/11/01/2023-24283/safe-secure-and-trustworthy-development-and-use-of-artificial-intelligence" }, { "id": "proc-10367", "slug": "proc-10367-juneteenth", "label": "Proclamation 10367", "kind": "proclamation", "presidencySlug": "biden-46", "topicTags": [ "civil-rights", "holiday", "historical" ], "whyTracked": "First Juneteenth National Independence Day proclamation after the holiday became federal law.", "featured": true, "detailLevel": "full", "href": "/desk/actions/proc-10367-juneteenth", "documentNumber": "10367", "signedDate": "2022-06-17", "summary": "Proclaimed Juneteenth National Independence Day, 2022.", "federalRegisterUrl": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2022/06/21/2022-13398/juneteenth-day-of-observance-2022" }, { "id": "eo-14067", "slug": "eo-14067-digital-assets", "label": "Executive Order 14067", "kind": "executive-order", "presidencySlug": "biden-46", "topicTags": [ "technology", "finance", "agency" ], "whyTracked": "Whole-of-government digital-assets framework spanning consumer protection, financial stability, and CBDC study.", "featured": true, "detailLevel": "full", "href": "/desk/actions/eo-14067-digital-assets", "documentNumber": "14067", "signedDate": "2022-03-09", "summary": "Directed agencies to coordinate policy on digital assets, including risks, illicit finance, and a potential U.S. CBDC.", "federalRegisterUrl": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2022/03/14/2022-05471/ensuring-responsible-development-of-digital-assets" }, { "id": "eo-14008", "slug": "eo-14008-climate-crisis", "label": "Executive Order 14008", "kind": "executive-order", "presidencySlug": "biden-46", "topicTags": [ "climate", "energy", "agency" ], "whyTracked": "Whole-of-government climate crisis order; set conservation and clean-energy goals used across agencies.", "featured": true, "detailLevel": "full", "href": "/desk/actions/eo-14008-climate-crisis", "documentNumber": "14008", "signedDate": "2021-01-27", "summary": "Created a climate task force and directed agencies to put the climate crisis at the center of foreign and domestic policy.", "federalRegisterUrl": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2021/02/01/2021-02177/tackling-the-climate-crisis-at-home-and-abroad" }, { "id": "memo-daca-2021", "slug": "memo-daca-preserving-fortifying-2021", "label": "Preserving and Fortifying DACA", "kind": "memorandum", "presidencySlug": "biden-46", "topicTags": [ "immigration", "agency", "courts" ], "whyTracked": "Day-one Biden memorandum directing DHS to preserve and fortify DACA.", "featured": true, "detailLevel": "full", "href": "/desk/actions/memo-daca-preserving-fortifying-2021", "signedDate": "2021-01-20", "summary": "Directed the Secretary of Homeland Security to take all appropriate actions to preserve and fortify DACA.", "federalRegisterUrl": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2021/01/25/2021-01769/preserving-and-fortifying-deferred-action-for-childhood-arrivals-daca" }, { "id": "eo-13990", "slug": "eo-13990-climate-public-health", "label": "Executive Order 13990", "kind": "executive-order", "presidencySlug": "biden-46", "topicTags": [ "climate", "environment", "agency" ], "whyTracked": "Day-one Biden climate and public-health order that reversed several Trump-era environmental actions.", "featured": true, "detailLevel": "full", "href": "/desk/actions/eo-13990-climate-public-health", "documentNumber": "13990", "signedDate": "2021-01-20", "summary": "Directed agencies to review and unwind Trump-era environmental rules and rejoin the Paris Agreement process.", "federalRegisterUrl": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2021/01/25/2021-01765/protecting-public-health-and-the-environment-and-restoring-science-to-tackle-the-climate-crisis", "whiteHouseUrl": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/presidential-actions/2021/01/20/executive-order-protecting-public-health-and-environment-and-restoring-science-to-tackle-climate-crisis/" }, { "id": "proc-9645", "slug": "proc-9645-enhancing-vetting", "label": "Proclamation 9645", "kind": "proclamation", "presidencySlug": "trump-45", "topicTags": [ "immigration", "national-security", "courts" ], "whyTracked": "Travel-ban proclamation that largely replaced EO 13780 and reached the Supreme Court.", "featured": true, "detailLevel": "full", "href": "/desk/actions/proc-9645-enhancing-vetting", "documentNumber": "9645", "signedDate": "2017-09-24", "summary": "Suspended or restricted entry of nationals from designated countries under enhanced vetting findings.", "federalRegisterUrl": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2017/09/27/2017-20899/enhancing-vetting-capabilities-and-processes-for-detecting-attempted-entry-into-the-united-states-by" }, { "id": "eo-13780", "slug": "eo-13780-travel-ban-revised", "label": "Executive Order 13780", "kind": "executive-order", "presidencySlug": "trump-45", "topicTags": [ "immigration", "national-security", "courts" ], "whyTracked": "Revised travel ban that revoked EO 13769; intermediate step before Proclamation 9645.", "featured": true, "detailLevel": "full", "href": "/desk/actions/eo-13780-travel-ban-revised", "documentNumber": "13780", "signedDate": "2017-03-06", "summary": "Revoked and replaced EO 13769 with a revised entry suspension and refugee pause.", "federalRegisterUrl": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2017/03/09/2017-04837/protecting-the-nation-from-foreign-terrorist-entry-into-the-united-states" }, { "id": "eo-13769", "slug": "eo-13769-travel-ban", "label": "Executive Order 13769", "kind": "executive-order", "presidencySlug": "trump-45", "topicTags": [ "immigration", "national-security", "courts" ], "whyTracked": "First Trump travel ban; triggered nationwide litigation and later Supreme Court review of successor orders.", "featured": true, "detailLevel": "full", "href": "/desk/actions/eo-13769-travel-ban", "documentNumber": "13769", "signedDate": "2017-01-27", "summary": "Restricted entry from several majority-Muslim countries and paused the refugee program; later superseded and litigated.", "federalRegisterUrl": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2017/02/01/2017-02281/protecting-the-nation-from-foreign-terrorist-entry-into-the-united-states" }, { "id": "eo-13492", "slug": "eo-13492-guantanamo-review", "label": "Executive Order 13492", "kind": "executive-order", "presidencySlug": "obama-44", "topicTags": [ "national-security", "detention", "historical" ], "whyTracked": "Ordered review and closure planning for Guantanamo Bay detention; a defining early Obama national-security instrument.", "featured": true, "detailLevel": "full", "href": "/desk/actions/eo-13492-guantanamo-review", "documentNumber": "13492", "signedDate": "2009-01-22", "summary": "Directed a review of Guantanamo detainees and ordered the facility closed as promptly as possible.", "federalRegisterUrl": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2009/01/27/E9-1893/review-and-disposition-of-individuals-detained-at-the-guantanamo-bay-naval-base-and-closure-of" }, { "id": "eo-13489", "slug": "eo-13489-presidential-records", "label": "Executive Order 13489", "kind": "executive-order", "presidencySlug": "obama-44", "topicTags": [ "records", "transparency", "historical" ], "whyTracked": "Day-one Obama records order that revoked Bush EO 13233 and restored broader PRA access norms.", "featured": true, "detailLevel": "full", "href": "/desk/actions/eo-13489-presidential-records", "documentNumber": "13489", "signedDate": "2009-01-21", "summary": "Established policies for asserting executive privilege over presidential records and revoked EO 13233.", "federalRegisterUrl": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2009/01/26/E9-1712/presidential-records" }, { "id": "eo-13233", "slug": "eo-13233-presidential-records", "label": "Executive Order 13233", "kind": "executive-order", "presidencySlug": "bush-43", "topicTags": [ "records", "transparency", "historical" ], "whyTracked": "Tightened access to presidential records after the Presidential Records Act; later revoked by Obama EO 13489.", "featured": true, "detailLevel": "full", "href": "/desk/actions/eo-13233-presidential-records", "documentNumber": "13233", "signedDate": "2001-11-01", "summary": "Set procedures for asserting constitutionally based privileges over presidential records held by NARA.", "federalRegisterUrl": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2001/11/05/01-27917/further-implementation-of-the-presidential-records-act" }, { "id": "eo-13045", "slug": "eo-13045-children-environmental-health", "label": "Executive Order 13045", "kind": "executive-order", "presidencySlug": "clinton-42", "topicTags": [ "environment", "health", "historical" ], "whyTracked": "Clinton-era order directing agencies to account for children's environmental health and safety risks.", "featured": true, "detailLevel": "full", "href": "/desk/actions/eo-13045-children-environmental-health", "documentNumber": "13045", "signedDate": "1997-04-21", "summary": "Required agencies to identify and assess environmental health and safety risks that may disproportionately affect children.", "federalRegisterUrl": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/1997/04/23/97-10695/protection-of-children-from-environmental-health-risks-and-safety-risks" }, { "id": "eo-12291", "slug": "eo-12291-regulatory-review", "label": "Executive Order 12291", "kind": "executive-order", "presidencySlug": "reagan-40", "topicTags": [ "regulation", "omb", "historical" ], "whyTracked": "Required major rules to clear OMB cost-benefit review; remade how agencies write regulations.", "featured": true, "detailLevel": "full", "href": "/desk/actions/eo-12291-regulatory-review", "documentNumber": "12291", "signedDate": "1981-02-17", "summary": "Directed agencies to submit major rules to OMB for regulatory impact analysis before publication.", "federalRegisterUrl": "https://www.federalregister.gov/executive-order/12291" }, { "id": "eo-10924", "slug": "eo-10924-peace-corps", "label": "Executive Order 10924", "kind": "executive-order", "presidencySlug": "kennedy-35", "topicTags": [ "foreign-affairs", "agency", "historical" ], "whyTracked": "Established the Peace Corps by executive order before statute caught up.", "featured": true, "detailLevel": "full", "href": "/desk/actions/eo-10924-peace-corps", "documentNumber": "10924", "signedDate": "1961-03-01", "summary": "Created the Peace Corps as an agency in the Department of State.", "federalRegisterUrl": "https://www.federalregister.gov/executive-order/10924" }, { "id": "eo-9981", "slug": "eo-9981-desegregation-armed-forces", "label": "Executive Order 9981", "kind": "executive-order", "presidencySlug": "truman-33", "topicTags": [ "civil-rights", "military", "historical" ], "whyTracked": "Ordered desegregation of the U.S. Armed Forces; a core mid-century civil-rights executive action.", "featured": true, "detailLevel": "full", "href": "/desk/actions/eo-9981-desegregation-armed-forces", "documentNumber": "9981", "signedDate": "1948-07-26", "summary": "Declared a policy of equality of treatment and opportunity in the armed services without regard to race, color, religion, or national origin.", "federalRegisterUrl": "https://www.federalregister.gov/executive-order/9981" }, { "id": "eo-9066", "slug": "eo-9066-japanese-american-incarceration", "label": "Executive Order 9066", "kind": "executive-order", "presidencySlug": "roosevelt-32", "topicTags": [ "civil-liberties", "wartime", "historical" ], "whyTracked": "Authorized exclusion and incarceration of Japanese Americans during World War II; a landmark abuse of wartime executive power.", "featured": true, "detailLevel": "full", "href": "/desk/actions/eo-9066-japanese-american-incarceration", "documentNumber": "9066", "signedDate": "1942-02-19", "summary": "Authorized the Secretary of War to prescribe military areas from which persons could be excluded, the legal hook for West Coast exclusion and incarceration.", "federalRegisterUrl": "https://www.federalregister.gov/executive-order/9066" } ] }